Optimal Siting of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations, Wind Turbine Generators, and Battery Energy Storage System in an Enhanced IEEE 33-Bus Test System

Environmental concerns over fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions from transportation are driving interest in electric vehicles (EVs). However, EV integration poses challenges to the power grid, including voltage violations and power losses. This study optimizes the placement of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS), wind turbine distributed generation (WTDG), and battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the IEEE 33-bus system using differential evolution (DE) algorithm. MATLAB was used for the optimization process, while OpenDSS handled the power flow analysis. Results show that increasing EVCS sites raises power losses, while integrating WTDGs and BESS improves performance by reducing the losses and improving the voltage profile. This study provides insights for optimizing EVCS allocation and renewable energy integration to promote sustainable transportation.