Squatina subserrata 1846
Authors/Creators
- 1. Merwedelaan 6 4535 ET Terneuzen
- 2. Departamento de Geologia and Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749 - 016 Lisbon, Portugal
Description
Squatina subserrata (Münster, 1846)
Plate 6, Figs 1–8
* Sphyrna subserrata Münster 1846: 21, pl. 2, fig. 17.
Scaldia biforis Le Hon 1871: pl. 7 text-fig.
Squatina fraasi Probst 1879: 177, pl. 3, figs 37, 38.
Squatina alata Probst 1879: 177, pl. 3, figs 41, 42.
Squatina biforis (Le Hon, 1879) — Leriche 1926: 382, pl. 26, figs 1–4.
Rhina (Squatina) biformis [sic] Le Hon— Serralheiro 1954: 74, pl. 2, figs 72, 73.
Rhina (Squatina) crassa Daimeries— Serralheiro 1954: 74, pl. 2, fig. 74.
Rhina (Squatina) prima Winkler— Serralheiro 1954: 75, pl. 2, figs 75, 76.
Squatina subserrata (Münster, 1846) — Antunes & Jonet 1970: 212, pl. 17, fig. 132.
Squatina subserrata Münster, 1846 [sic]— Cappetta 1970: 77, pl. 8, figs 8–14.
Squatina subserrata (Munster [sic], 1846)— Jonet 1978: 35, pl. 2, fig. 32.
Squatina subserrata (Münster), 1846 [sic]— Balbino 1995: 44, pl. 3, figs 2–5.
Squatina subserrata (Münster, 1846) — Cappetta 2012: 146, text-fig. 134.
Squatina subserrata (Münster, 1846) — Schultz 2013: 33, pl. 4, figs 14a–c.
Squatina subserrata Munster, 1846 [sic]— Fialho 2015: 22, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Squatina subserrata (Münster, 1846) — Fialho et al. 2021: 5, figs 3h, i.
Squatina subserrata (Münster, 1846) — Fialho 2022: 99, pl. 1, figs E, F.
Material. 23 isolated teeth. NHMW 2025/0177/0018 (9 specimens).
Description. The dentition of an extant successor Squatina africana Regan, 1908 was illustrated by Bass et al (1975b: 50, pl. 9) that is used to identify the fossil remains. Generally, there is a slight dignathic heterodonty present by upper teeth with a narrow principal cusp that is broader in lower teeth. The first tooth (Pl. 6, figs 1a, b) is an anterior tooth characterised by a mesio-distally narrow width. The slightly inclined principal cusp is relatively high and restricted just above its base resulting in smooth mesial and distal extensions. The base of the principal cusp has a well-developed central uvula. The hemiaulacorhizid root has two root lobes that diverge at an angle of approximately 100° support the extensions of the principal cusp. A central lingual protrusion has the characteristic foramen of a hemiaulacorhizid root type. The lateral teeth (Pl. 6, figs 2a–3b) become significantly wider, with wider root lobes, and have a straight base that diverge at an angle of 160–180°. The posterior teeth have root lobes that diverge at an angle of 110°. Although a broader principal cusp, the lower teeth (Pl. 6, figs 5a–8b) are more or less similar to those of the upper teeth.
Discussion. The extant species of this genus are bottom-dwelling and are epipelagic to mesopelagic (0–600 m deep, Ebert et al. (2016). We assume that the Miocene predecessors also probably shared the same habitats.
Distribution. Lower–Middle Miocene: Paratethys (Schultz 2013); Proto-Mediterranean, France (Cappetta 1970).
Distribution in Portugal. Middle Miocene: (Langhian–Serravallian) Lower Tagus Basin (Serralheiro 1954; Antunes & Jonet 1970; Jonet et al. 1975; Fialho et al. 2021), Algarve Basin, Lagos–Portimão Fm. (Antunes et al. 1981). Upper Miocene: (Tortonian) Lower Tagus Basin (Serralheiro 1954; Jonet 1978), Algarve Basin, Cacela Fm. (this paper); (Messinian) Alvalade Basin, Esbarrondadoiro Fm. (Balbino 1995).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- NHMW
- Material sample ID
- NHMW 2025/0177/0018
- Scientific name authorship
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Squatiniformes
- Family
- Squatinidae
- Genus
- Squatina
- Species
- subserrata
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Squatina subserrata , 1846 sec. Landau, Hovestadt & Silva, 2025
References
- Munster, G. G. (1846) Ueber die in der Tertiar-Formation des Wiener Beckens vorkommenden Fisch-Ueberreste, mit Beschreibung einiger neuen merkwurdigen Arten. Beitrage zur Petrefactenkunde, 7, 1-31.
- Le Hon, H. (1871) Preliminaire d'un Memoire sur les Poissons Fossiles Tertiaires de Belgique. Muquardt, Bruxelles, 15 pp.
- Probst, J. (1879) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische aus der Molasse von Baltringen. Hayfische. (Schluss). Jahreshefte des Vereins fur vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg, 35, 127-191.
- Leriche, M. (1926) Les poisons Neogenes de la Belgique. Memoires de Musee Royal du d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 32, 367-472.
- Serralheiro, A. M. R. (1954) Contribuicao para o conhecimento da fauna ictiologica do Miocenico marinho de Portugal Continental. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 4, 39-119.
- Antunes, M. T. & Jonet, S. (1970) Requins de l'Helvetien superieur et du Tortonien de Lisbonne. Revista da Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Serie 2, C, 16 (1), 119-280.
- Cappetta, H. (1970) Decouverte de nouvelles faunes de Poissons dans le Cretace et le Tertiaire du Niger. Compte Rendu sommaire des Seances de la Societe Geologique de France, 7, 258-259.
- Jonet, S. (1978) Le Tortonien superieur (TVII-b) des environs de Fonte de Telha (Peninsule de Setubal) et ses faunes. Comunicacoes dos Servicos Geologicos de Portugal, 63, 13-51.
- Balbino, A. C. (1995) Selaceos (Pisces) do Miocenico terminal da Bacia de Alvalade (Portugal). Sistematica, Ecologia, Paleoambientes, Comparacao com faunas actuais. PhD Thesis, Universidade de Evora, Evora, 188 pp.
- Cappetta, H. (2012) Handbook of Paleoichthyology, 3 E: Chondrichthyes. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, Teeth. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 512 pp.
- Schultz, O. (2013) Pisces. In: Piller, W. E. (Ed.), Catalogus Fossilium Austriae. Band 3. Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, pp. 1-576. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1vw0qw3
- Fialho, P. (2015) Selaceos do Miocenico medio da Bacia do Baixo Tejo (Brielas, Portugal). MSc Thesis, University of Evora, Evora, 95 pp., 11 pls., index.
- Fialho, P. R., Balbino, A. C., Legoinha, P. & Antunes, M. T. (2021) Shark fossil diversity (Squalomorphii, Squatinomorphii, and Galeomorphii) from the Langhian of Brielas (Lower Tagus Basin, Portugal). Geological Journal, 56 (1), 405-421. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3965
- Fialho, P. R. (2022) Chondrichthyes fosseis de Brielas (Langhiano, Portugal). PhD Thesis, University of Evora, Evora. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/10174/32720 (accessed 6 October 2025)
- Regan, C. T. (1908) A collection of fishes from the coasts of Natal, Zululand, and Cape Colony. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1 (3), 241-255.
- Bass, A. J., d'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975 b) Sharks of the east coast of Southern Africa. V. The families Hexanchus, Chlamydoselachidae, Heterodontidae, Pristiophoridae and Squatinidae. Investigational Report Oceanographic Research Institute, 43, 1-50.
- Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. (2016) Sharks of the World. A fully Illustrated Guide. Wild Nature Press, Worcestershire, 528 pp.
- Jonet, S., Kotchetoff, Y. & Kotchetoff, B. (1975) L'helvetien du Penedo et sa Faune Ichthyologique. Comunicacoes dos Servicos Geologicos de Portugal, 59, 193-228.
- Antunes, M. T., Jonet, S. & Nascimento, A. (1981) Vertebres (crocodiliens, poissons) du Miocene marin de l'Algarve occidentale. Ciencias da Terra (UNL), 6, 9-38.