Modern Web Development Architectures in 2024–2025

This paper presents a technical evaluation of modern web development architectures in the 2024–2025 era, focusing on performance, scalability, concurrency, API communication, and cloud-native deployment. It analyzes frontend paradigms by comparing Virtual DOM frameworks with compiler-driven approaches, highlighting measurable improvements in Time to Interactive (TTI). Backend runtime environments are evaluated through a comparison of Node.js’s Event Loop and Go’s Goroutines, emphasizing concurrency and CPU-bound workload performance.

The study further examines data persistence strategies, REST, GraphQL, and gRPC protocols for inter-service communication, and outlines best practices for API security. It explores cloud-native deployment models, including containers, serverless functions, and the emerging role of WebAssembly (Wasm), demonstrating Wasm’s near-instant startup time, sandboxed execution model, and advantages in edge computing environments.

The paper concludes that modern scalable systems benefit from polyglot architectures, runtime specialization, and WebAssembly-based execution to optimize performance, reduce cold-start latency, and strengthen software supply-chain security.