"NET-ZERO Supply Chains" with Green Technology in a Multi-Stakeholder Framework: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract :

This research addresses the global urgency of climate change, highlighting that supply chains contribute to 25% of $CO_2$ emissions. It emphasizes decarbonization and resilience strategies driven by disruptions that demand net-zero models to mitigate risks. This transition requires a multi-stakeholder approach, involving actors such as suppliers, governments, and consumers to overcome barriers like resistance to change and a lack of standards, while integrating economic, social, and environmental perspectives.

The literature reveals fragmentation regarding drivers, barriers, and practices. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, analyzes recent sources from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, identifying patterns and recommending automation and trust-building. The objective is to examine the role of green technologies (AI, IoT, renewables) in sustainable multi-stakeholder chains, detecting gaps and proposing agendas for circular economies.

The study includes a pilot conducted in three logistics companies in Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico, using convenience sampling. It evaluates net-zero viability via IoT to optimize distribution, achieving emission reductions of 20-30% and overcoming digital limitations with state support. Results were validated using a two-way ANOVA ($p < 0.001$), confirming significant effects.

It concludes by reinforcing net-zero functionality and proposing expansions toward probabilistic sampling in Latin America, blockchain integration, post-2030 AI modeling, and the evaluation of regulations such as the Green Deal.