Performance Evaluation of Irregular Structures Under Seismic Response Considering Soil-Structure Interaction: A Review

The hazardous destruction observed due to previous earthquakes till date such as the 2015 Nepal earthquake, 2017 Mexico City earthquake and the recent 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, has indicated the extreme vulnerabilities associated with the construction of asymmetrical buildings subject to the course of failure and structural defects it poses. Presence of irregularities are inevitable in today's construction scenario subject to the dire scarcity in available land area while adapting to less favourable geotechnical and extreme seismic conditions. Albeit irregularities cause damages to buildings, the seismic codes have not prohibited them, but have instead imposed specific penalties on them. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) has been traditionally considered to be beneficial in nature. However, existing researches have justified this dissent and the necessity in formulating adequate performance-based design guidelines during structural analysis and design. Thus, the present paper attempts to provide a summarized state-of-the-art review on the recent relevant numerical and experimental contributions orienting SSI and structural irregularities and the implications associated with it. The review would aid the professional and research fraternity in guaranteeing necessary awareness on the importance of incorporating the SSI influence during structural analysis and design while ensuring a performance-based approach.