Curvie Grishin, gen. n.

http://zoobank.org/ 8C58491C-7820-43C0-8ADB-DF7FCA0E21BB

Type species: Symmachia emesia Hewitson, 1867.

Diagnosis. Distinguished from its relatives by strongly curved forewing costal margin: prominently concave near its middle, marked (distad of broken dark discal line) by a white bar from costa to vein M 2, but convex near base and near apex, and the lack of metallic markings (Fig. 2a). Similar, but less concave, costal margin in some Emesis, but in these species costal white bar absent or bar yellower, from costa to M 1 vein, closer to apex, and wings with metallic spots. Females with wings rounder and paler colored above than males. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: nuclear genome: cne 1828.1.1:A1826T, cne3461.1.14:A2393G, cne1547.14.1:T789C, cne3037.1.5:T844C, cne11073.6.5:A770T; COI barcode region: A22T, T97C, A99T, A268T, A470G, T568A.

Derivation of the name. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular given for the curved forewing costa.

Species included: Only the type species Symmachia emesia Hewitson, 1867 with its subjective junior synonym Symmachia yucatanensis Godman & Salvin, [1886].

Parent taxon: Tribe Emesidini Seraphim, Freitas & Kaminski, 2018.

We see that the three trees show differences in topology (Fig. 1). In particular, mitogenome protein-coding regions are not sufficient to resolve a number of clades and support values for these are below 75%. While Curvie is sister to Apodemia in both nuclear trees, it is sister to the clade formed by Apodemia and Emesis in the mitogenome tree. However, all three genera (Apodemia, Curvie and Emesis) are monophyletic even in the mitogenome tree indicating closeness within each genus and their prominent separation from all others.

After the monophyly of the three genera in the tribe was assured by transferring species between Apodemia and Emesis and erecting the genus Curvie n. gen., we studied each genus to find meaningful phylogenetic groups to be defined as subgenera. While no additional partitions to those proposed by Trujano-Ortega et al. (2018) can be found in Apodemia, Emesis splits into 6 clades. These clades are observed in all three trees (Fig. 1). Two of them have names (Emesis and Aphacitis Hübner, [1819]), and four are described here as new.