Published January 21, 2026 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Multi-scale ecosystem service datasets for Southern Hilly Region of China (1990–2024)

Authors/Creators

  • 1. ROR icon International Center for Bamboo and Rattan
  • 2. Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London
  • 3. Beijing Changping "Huitian" Area Parks & Green Space Management Center

Contributors

Contact person:

Data curator:

Project leader:

Project member:

  • 1. Beijing Changping "Huitian" Area Parks & Green Space Management Center

Description

This dataset provides spatially explicit, multi-scale ecosystem service maps for Southern Hilly Region of China, covering the period from 1990 to 2024 at 5-year intervals. Five key ecosystem services are included: water yield, nutrient delivery ratio, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality.

All ecosystem services were quantified using established ecosystem service models and harmonized spatial input datasets. The data are provided at three spatial scales (regional, watershed, and sub-watershed) with a spatial resolution of 30 m, enabling analyses of spatio-temporal dynamics and scale effects.

Due to the large data volume, the full-resolution raster datasets are distributed across multiple compressed archives, each corresponding to a specific ecosystem service and spatial scale. Vector boundary files, detailed metadata, and model descriptions are included to facilitate reuse and interpretation.

This dataset is intended to support studies on ecosystem service assessment, spatial heterogeneity, scale effects, and environmental management in hilly regions.

Files

README.txt

Files (32.3 GB)

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Additional details

Related works

Is source of
Journal article: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123676 (DOI)
Journal article: 10.1016/j.indic.2026.101131 (DOI)

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFF1303001

References

  • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Island Press.
  • Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
  • de Groot, R. S., Alkemade, R., Braat, L., Hein, L., & Willemen, L. (2010). Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making. Ecological Complexity, 7(3), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2009.10.006
  • Burkhard, B., Kroll, F., Müller, F., & Windhorst, W. (2009). Landscapes' capacities to provide ecosystem services—A concept for land-cover based assessments. Landscape Online, 15, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3097/LO.200915
  • Tang, Z., Tian, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Li, W., Wang, T., Cheng, J., Su, C., & Qi, L. (2025). Scale effects of supplementary nature reserves on biodiversity conservation in China's southern hilly region. Journal of Environmental Management, 373, 123676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123676
  • Fu, B. J., Liu, Y., Lü, Y. H., He, C. S., Zeng, Y., & Wu, B. F. (2011). Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China. Ecological Complexity, 8(4), 284–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2011.07.003
  • Chen, Y., Wang, K., Lin, Y., Shi, W., Song, Y., & He, X. (2015). Balancing green and grain trade. Nature Geoscience, 8, 739–741. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2544
  • Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. (2021). Master plan for major ecological protection and restoration projects in the southern hilly and mountainous region (2021–2035).
  • Turner, M. G., Gardner, R. H., & O'Neill, R. V. (2001). Landscape ecology in theory and practice: Pattern and process. Springer.
  • Wu, J. (2004). Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis: Scaling relations. Landscape Ecology, 19, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:LAND.0000021711.40074.ae
  • Sharp, R., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Wood, S., Guerry, A. D., Tallis, H., Ricketts, T. H., Ennaanay, D., Nelson, E., Vigerstol, K., Pennington, D., Mendoza, G., Aukema, J., Foster, J., Forrest, J., Cameron, D., Arkema, K., Lonsdorf, E., Kennedy, C., Verutes, G., et al. 2020. InVEST 3.8.0 User's Guide. The Natural Capital Project.