Spondylids of Eastern Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACT

Members of the bivalve molluscan family Spondylidae were very important elements in the world view of pre-
Hispanic cultures of America, and today remain as symbols of culture heritage in contemporary society. In recent decades, given
the importance they have for crafts and jewelry, as well as for fisheries and gastronomy, their exploitation has caused a drastic
decrease in natural populations leading to restrictions in fishing. In the present review, data about Spondylus species of eastern
Pacific Ocean, describing the symbolism, taxonomy, distribution, biology, and ecology, their status as exploitable resources, the
advances in aquaculture of these species, as well as management experiences and conservation efforts are presented.

KEY WORDS: Spondylus, Andean culture, taxonomy, invertebrate fisheries, aquaculture, marine conservation

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