Published 2025 | Version v1
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Natural Disasters and Political Catastrophes: Entangled Feelings and Landscapes in al-Andalus and Beyond

  • 1. ROR icon Universidad de Granada

Contributors

  • 1. Università Ca' Foscari
  • 2. ROR icon University of Bologna

Description

In the year 456/1064, during a campaign described by historians as a proto-Crusade, a Christian coalition conquered the city of Barbastro, a Muslim frontier stronghold in the northern Iberian Peninsula. In his account of the event, the Andalusī historian Ibn Ḥayyān wrote that when news of the defeat reached Córdoba, the entire territory of al-Andalus trembled. A few decades later, in 548/1153, an earthquake struck Syria. The Egyptian chronicler Ibn Ruzzīk interpreted this natural disaster as divine punishment, linking it to the loss of Jerusalem to the Crusaders. This contribution focuses on the relationship between natural phenomena, especially natural disasters, and sociopolitical events such as military defeat and territorial dispossession. It seeks to examine why and how these two realms—natural and political—are intertwined in the historical thought, discourse, and imagination of medieval Islamic authors. Thus, I examine how processes of territorial loss—and the emotions and traumas they engender—are represented in historical sources through references to natural disasters, whether real or imagined. I also explore how and why the natural environment functions as a medium for generating and expressing emotional responses. In particular, I study how one form of response to territorial loss was articulated through a natural or ‘environmental’ imaginary, including the construction of an idealised landscape that stood in contrast to the catastrophic landscapes used to represent both natural calamities and military defeats.

En el año 456/1064, durante una campaña que los historiadores han descrito como una proto-Cruzada, una coalición cristiana conquistó la ciudad de Barbastro, un bastión fronterizo musulmán en el norte de la península ibérica. En su relato del acontecimiento, el historiador andalusí Ibn Ḥayyān escribió que, cuando la noticia de la derrota llegó a Córdoba, todo el territorio de al-Andalus tembló. Unas décadas más tarde, en 548/1153, un terremoto sacudió Siria. El cronista egipcio Ibn Ruzzīk interpretó este desastre natural como un castigo divino, vinculándolo a la pérdida de Jerusalén a manos de los cruzados. Esta contribución se centra en la relación entre los fenómenos naturales, en especial los desastres naturales, y los acontecimientos sociopolíticos, como la derrota militar y la desposesión territorial. Su objetivo es examinar por qué y cómo estos dos ámbitos —el natural y el político— se entrelazan en el pensamiento, el discurso y la imaginación histórica de los autores islámicos medievales. Así, analizo cómo los procesos de pérdida territorial —y las emociones y traumas que generan— se representan en las fuentes históricas mediante referencias a desastres naturales, sean estos reales o imaginados. Asimismo, exploro cómo y por qué el entorno natural funciona como un medio para generar y expresar respuestas emocionales. En particular, estudio cómo una de las formas de respuesta a la pérdida territorial se articuló a través de un imaginario natural o “medioambiental”, incluida la construcción de un paisaje idealizado que contrastaba con los paisajes catastróficos empleados para representar tanto las calamidades naturales como las derrotas militares.

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