PPI: AN OVERVIEW OF ADVERSE EFFECTS

The literature on the long-term negative effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is compiled in this review. PPIs are widely used in both inpatient and outpatient settings for a variety of reasons. Although PPIs are typically thought to be safe and well-tolerated, increased and sustained use has been linked to more serious adverse effects. According to three meta-analyses, short-term PPI use raised the incidence of pneumonia by 27–39%. PPI use appears to be dose-related and is linked to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). There have also been reports of fractures and poor absorption of minerals, especially vitamin B12. Conflicting findings have been found in studies looking at the possible connection between PPIs and vitamin B12 insufficiency; hence, a prospective study is required to determine any causal influence. The impact of these negative consequences should not be undervalued, even though only a small number of people experience them. Due to the widespread usage of PPIs, many people may be impacted by even a rare side effect.