A Study of Severity of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Diabetics vs Non-Diabetics

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple ocular surface disorders, including dry eye disease and Meibomian gland dysfunction, both of which significantly affect visual comfort and quality of life. Altered tear film dynamics, inflammation, and glandular dysfunction in diabetic patients may contribute to increased severity of these conditions.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the severity of dry eye disease and Meibomian gland dysfunction in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

Materials and Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 120 participants, comprising 60 diabetic patients and 60 age-matched non-diabetic controls. All participants underwent comprehensive ocular examination. Dry eye disease was assessed using Tear Film Break-Up Time, Schirmer’s test, ocular surface staining with fluorescein dye, and tear meniscal height measurement. Meibomian gland dysfunction was evaluated based on lid margin findings and meibum expressibility using slit-lamp examination. Data were analyzed to compare prevalence and severity between the two groups.

Results: Dry eye disease was observed in 53% of diabetic patients compared to 15% of non-diabetic individuals. Among diabetic patients with dry eye disease, 40% showed associated Meibomian gland dysfunction. Diabetics demonstrated significantly reduced tear film stability and tear production, along with higher grades of Meibomian gland dysfunction.

Conclusion: Dry eye disease and Meibomian gland dysfunction are more prevalent and severe in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics. Routine screening and early management of ocular surface disorders should be incorporated into standard diabetic eye care to prevent disease progression and improve patient outcomes.