Published January 15, 2026 | Version Torang Siregar (V1)
Presentation Open

Enhancing Mathematics Learning Outcomes Through Multiplication Board Media Among Elementary School Students

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Mathematics Education Department, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training (FTIK), Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary State Islamic University Padangsidimpuan, North Sumatra, Indonesia Mathematics Education, Department of Mathematics Education, Padang State University, Padang, Indonesia Reviewer, European Journal of STEM Education

Description

This classroom action research aimed to enhance mathematics learning outcomes by implementing multiplication board media for third-grade elementary school students. The study was conducted over two cycles, with each cycle comprising four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were 20 sixth-grade students. Data were collected through end-of-cycle evaluations, observations, and documentation. Student and teacher activities were recorded using observation sheets. The results indicated a significant improvement in student learning outcomes. The class average score increased from 60 in Cycle I to 81.5 in Cycle II. The classical completion rate (percentage of students meeting the minimum passing criteria) also rose substantially from 45% in Cycle I to 90% in Cycle II. In terms of individual completion, the number of students achieving the minimum mastery level increased from 10 out of 20 students in Cycle I to 18 out of 20 students in Cycle II. Furthermore, teacher performance in implementing the learning process improved from 79.16% (Good) in Cycle I to 95.83% (Excellent) in Cycle II. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of multiplication board media effectively enhances mathematics learning outcomes among third-grade elementary school students. The tangible and interactive nature of the media facilitated a better understanding of multiplication concepts, leading to increased student engagement and academic achievement.

Files

Enhancing Mathematics Learning Outcomes Through Multiplication Board Media Among Elementary School Students.pdf

Files (1.1 MB)

Additional details

Identifiers

Other
Identifier

Related works

Is cited by
Journal article: Identifier (Other)

Dates

Valid
2026-01-15
This classroom action research aimed to enhance mathematics learning outcomes by implementing multiplication board media for third-grade elementary school students. The study was conducted over two cycles, with each cycle comprising four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subjects were 20 sixth-grade students. Data were collected through end-of-cycle evaluations, observations, and documentation. Student and teacher activities were recorded using observation sheets. The results indicated a significant improvement in student learning outcomes. The class average score increased from 60 in Cycle I to 81.5 in Cycle II. The classical completion rate (percentage of students meeting the minimum passing criteria) also rose substantially from 45% in Cycle I to 90% in Cycle II. In terms of individual completion, the number of students achieving the minimum mastery level increased from 10 out of 20 students in Cycle I to 18 out of 20 students in Cycle II. Furthermore, teacher performance in implementing the learning process improved from 79.16% (Good) in Cycle I to 95.83% (Excellent) in Cycle II. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the use of multiplication board media effectively enhances mathematics learning outcomes among third-grade elementary school students. The tangible and interactive nature of the media facilitated a better understanding of multiplication concepts, leading to increased student engagement and academic achievement.

References

  • [1] Agung, S., Ma'rufi., & Ilyas, M. (2019). Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Geogebra pada Materi Geometri untuk Meningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skills Siswa. Jurnal Matematika dan Pembelajaran, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.24252/mapan.2019v7n2a3 [2] Alpian, Y., Anggraeni, S. W., Wiharti, U., & Soleha, N. M. (2019). Pentingnya Pendidikan bagi Manusia. Jurnal Buana Pengabdian, 1(1), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.36805/jurnalbuana pengabdian.v1i1.581 [3] As'ari, A. R., Tohir, M., Valentino, E., & Taufiq, I. (2017). *Matematika Kelas VIII SMP/MTs Semester 2*. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. [4] Darlis, A., Sinaga, A. I., Perkasyah, M. F., Sersanawawi, L., & Rahmah, I. (2022). Pendidikan Berbasis Merdeka Belajar. Journal Analytica Islamica, 11(2), 393. https://doi.org/10.30829/jai.v11i2.14101 [5] Dewi, M. R . (2022). Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Project Based Learning untuk Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal UPI, 19(2), 213-226. https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/JIK/article/view/44226/0 [6] Fahlevi, M.R. (2022). Kajian Project Based Blended Learning sebagai Model Pembelajaran Pasca Pandemi dan Bentuk Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Sustainable, 5(2), 230-249. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2714 [7] Feriyanto. (2022). Strategi Penguatan Literasi Numerasi Matematika bagi Peserta Didik pada Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. Jurnal Gammath, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.32528/gammath.v7i2.8439 [8] Hanifah. (2019). Buku Model APOS: Pembelajaran Berbantuan Komputer. CV Zigie Utama. [9] Hanifah & Utari, T. (2022). Pelatihan Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Diferensiasi Model Apos Berbantuan Geogebra. INCOME: Indonesian Journal of Community Service and Engagement, 1(2), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.56855/income.v1i2.90 [10] Herliani, Boleng, D. T., & Maasawet, E. T. (2025). Teori Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Lakeisha. [11] Istikomar, I., Hanifah, H., & Sumardi, H. (2022). Pengaruh Penggunaan Lembar Kegiatan Peserta Didik Berbasis Model APOS Berbantuan Geogebra terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Matematika. Absis: Mathematics Education Journal, 4(2), 40-50. https://doi.org/10.32585/absis.v4i2.2500 [12] Jannah, R., & Nurmawanti, I. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Experiential Learning terhadap Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Kelas IV. Journal of Classroom Action Research, 6(1), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.29303/jcar.v6i1.6745 [13] Lestari, I. (2018). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika dengan Memanfaatkan Geogebra untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep. GAUSS: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(1). https://osf.io/preprints/inarxiv/yzd5v_v1 [14] Octamela, K. S., Suweken, G., & Ardana, I. M. (2019). Pemahaman Matematis Siswa dengan Menggunakan Buku Elektronik Interaktif Berbantuan Geogebra. Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Matematika, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33603/jnpm.v3i2.1761 [15] Maulana, M., Zamnah, L. N., & Amam, A. (2025). Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Aplikasi Geogebra pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Berdasarkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa. *J-KIP (Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan), 2*(2), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/j-kip.v2i2.5203 [16] Siregar, T. (2023). Stages of research and development model research and development (R&D). DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities, 1(4), 142–158. [17] Siregar, T. (2023). A Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Di SMA Negeri 1 Sinunukan. COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education, 2(2), 94–102. https://doi.org/10.58355/competitive.v2i2.9 [18] Siregar, T. (2025). Effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning Model in Improving Students' Mathematical Communication Skills and Learning Motivation. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510.1562.v1 [19] Siregar, T., Fauzan, A., Yerizon, Y., & Syafriandi, S. (2025). Designing mathematics teaching through deep learning pedagogy: Toward meaningful, mindful, and joyful learning. Journal of Deep Learning, 1(2), 188–202. https://journals2.ums.ac.id/jdl/article/view/11969 [20] Siregar, T. (2025). Analysis of Mathematical Literacy Skills through the Think-Talk-Write (TTW) Model Assisted by GeoGebra in Terms of Students' Self-Efficacy. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510.2072.v1 [21] Torang Siregar, & Yuni Rhamayanti. (2025). Implementasi Pengembangan Model ADDIE pada Dunia Pendidikan. Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengembangan (JHPP), 3(2), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.61116/jhpp.v3i2.561 [22] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon, Integrating GeoGebra in Mathematics Education: Enhancing Pedagogical Practices among Teachers and Lecturers (October 16, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5613052 [23] Siregar, T., Abadi, A. M., Andayani, S., Rangkuti, A. N., & Sungkono, J. (2024). Uji Normalitas Gain untuk Pemantapan dan Modul Dengan One Group Pre And Post Test di SMP Negeri 1 Padangsidimpuan. Dedikasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 499-504. [24] Siregar, T. (2025). The Effectiveness of Using GeoGebra Application with Problem-Based Learning Model on Students' Mathematical Communication Ability. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.0106.v1 [25] Pulungan, S. A. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Numerasi pada Materi Persamaan Linier Siswa SMP PAB 2 Helvetia. Journal On Teacher Education, 3(3), 266-274. https://doi.org/10.31004/jote.v3i3.4574 [26] Salsabila, S., Nugraha, A. B., & Gusmaneli, G. (2024). Konsep Dasar Belajar dan Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan. PUSTAKA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Pendidikan, 4(2), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.56910/pustaka.v4i2.1390 [27] Septiani, A. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Ditinjau dari Pembelajaran Matematika dan Pelaksanaan P5 (studi di SMA Negeri 12 Kabupaten Tangerang). AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, 13(3), 421-435. https://journal.upgris.ac.id/index.php/aksioma/article/view/14211 [28] Sofyatiningrum, E., Sisdiana, E., Astuti, R., Hariyanti, E., Efaria, L., & Krisna, F. N. A. (2018). Muatan HOTS pada Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Dasar. https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/15880/ [29] Tibahary, A. R., & Muliana, M. (2018). Model-model Pembelajaran Inovatif. Scolae: Journal of Pedagogy, 1(1), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.56488/scolae.v1i1.12 [30] Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2013 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. [31] Siregar, T. (2025). Studi Lintasan Pembelajaran dan Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran GeoGebra terhadap Pemahaman Turunan Fungsi Aljabar. Bakti : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(2), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.51135/bakti.5.2.27-45 [32] Siregar, T. . (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Teks Recount di Kelas X-1 SMAN 1 Padangsidimpuan. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(1), 118 –. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i1.426 [33] Siregar, T. (2025). Developing a GeoGebra-Based Mathematics Learning Media Using the Van Hiele Theory Approach to Enhance Students' Understanding of Maximum and Minimum Value. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.0033.v1 [34] Siregar, T. (2025). Application of GeoGebra for teaching mathematics (Version 1). Preprints, 648. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202510 [35] Siregar, T. (2025). Practicality and Effectiveness of Online-Based Calculus Learning Materials Assisted by GeoGebra. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202511.0023.v1 [36] Siregar, Torang, Development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Mathematics Learning Media in Calculus Courses Using the GeoGebra Application with the PjBL Learning Model (October 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5577752 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5577752 [37] Siregar, Torang, Implementation of the Discovery Learning Model to Enhance the Quality of Mathematics Learning and Student Achievement in the Topic of Sum and Difference Formulas of Sine and Cosine of Two Angles among Grade 11 Science Stream Students (November 06, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5709305 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5709305 [38] Siregar, Torang, Development of GeoGebra-Assisted E-Module in Multiple Integral Calculus Course (November 15, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5752722 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5752722 [39] Siregar, Torang, STEM-Based Implementation of GeoGebra in Pre-Service Mathematics Teacher Education (November 09, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5726805 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5726805 [40] Siregar, T. (2025). Utilization of GeoGebra Application in Statistical Learning and Problem Solving. Zenodo. [41] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Strategy in Enhancing Students' Critical Thinking Skills (November 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5719562 [42] Maulidiya, D., Utari, T., Irsal, N. A., & Aziza, M. (2023). Investigasi pemanfaatan geogebra untuk pembelajaran matematika di Indonesia: Sebuah analisis bibliometrik. Delta-Pi: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 121-138. [43] Sitorus, C. W., & Yahfizham, Y. (2024). Systematic literature review: Analisis kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa menggunakan software matematika Geogebra. Pendekar: Jurnal Pendidikan Berkarakter, 2(3), 107-116. [44] Ghozi, S. (2015, November). Penggunaan aplikasi geogebra dalam pembelajaran dan penyelesaian persoalan statistik. In Prosiding Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar (Vol. 6, pp. 16-24). [45] Mahmudi, A., & Negeri, J. P. M. F. U. (2011). Pemanfaatan GeoGebra dalam pembelajaran matematika. In Seminar Nasional Lpm Uny (pp. 1-10). [46] Suciati, I., Mailili, W. H., & Hajerina, H. (2022). Implementasi geogebra terhadap kemampuan matematis peserta didik dalam pembelajaran: a systematic literature review. Teorema: Teori Dan Riset Matematika, 7(1), 27-42. [47] Fatmawati, R., & Yahfizham, Y. (2024). Systematic Literature Review: Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Geogebra Pada Materi Transformasi Geometri. International Journal of Mathematics and Science Education, 1(2), 01-11. [48] Realistik, J. I. M. (2023). Software Geogebra Pada Pembelajaran Matematika: Studi Literatur. Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika Realistik (JI-MR), 4(1), 33-40. [49] Hikmah, R. (2020). Pengaruh Aplikasi GeoGebra dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa di SMPN Cibinong. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 5(2). [50] Anjarwati, D., Juandi, D., Nurlaelah, E., & Hasanah, A. (2022). Studi meta-analisis: pengaruh model discovery learning berbantuan geogebra terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 6(3), 2417-2427. [51] Sari, I. P., Candraningtyas, S. R., Dewi, H. R., Ilham, A. M., Akbar, R. M., Rawi, S. W., & Muntazhimah, M. (2022). Geogebra dan kemampuan penyelesaian masalah matematis: Penelitian bibliometrik. FIBONACCI: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan Matematika, 8(1), 109-120. [52] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Systematic Literature Review: The Relationship between the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach and Students' Mathematical Numeracy Skills (November 17, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5756942 [53] Siregar, T., & van Keulen, H. (n.d.). Deep learning approach to learning in elementary school (SD). ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net [54] Torang, S. (2025). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TPACK-BASED CABRI 3D LEARNING MEDIA IN THE PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING (PBL) MODEL ON STUDENTS' GEOMETRIC CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING. [55] Torang Siregar (2025) The Effectiveness of Using GeoGebra Application with Problem-Based Learning Model on Students' Mathematical Communication Ability. J of Poin Artf Research 1(4), WMJ-JPAIR-120 DOI: doi.org/10.63721/25JPAIR0120 [56] Siregar, T., Abadi, A. M., Andayani, S., Rangkuti, A. N., & Sungkono, J. (2024). Uji Normalitas Gain untuk Pemantapan dan Modul Dengan One Group Pre And Post Test di SMP Negeri 1 Padangsidimpuan. Dedikasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 499-504. [57] Siregar, T., Ardian, R., Harahap, S. R., & Nasution, A. A. (2024). Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Ict Menggunakan Software Scratchpada Materi Peluang Di Smpn 2 Portibi. SINERGI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 1(1), 6-14. [58] Siregar, T., Arisman, A., Ardian, R., & Harahap, A. (2023). Research And Developing Mathematics Knowledge Child Development Perspectives, 2022. Elementaria: Journal of Educational Research, 1(2), 65-76. [59] Siregar, T., Fauzan, A., Yerizon, Y., & Syafriandi, S. (2025). Designing mathematics teaching through deep learning pedagogy: Toward meaningful, mindful, and joyful learning. Journal of Deep Learning, —, 188–202. [60] Siregar, T., Marsigit, A., Rosnawati, K., Hidayati, K., & Wustqa, D. U. (2023). Penerapan problem based learning untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi vektor. [61] Siregar, T., Van Keulen, H., & Guo, J. (2025). A literature review on ethnopedagogy and ethnomathematics approaches: Integrating Nusantara cultural context into mathematics learning (Version 1). Figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30847067.v1 [62] Siregar, T., Van Keulen, H., & Guo, J. (2025). Integrating Nusantara Cultural Context into Mathematics Learning: A Literature Review on Ethnopedagogy and Ethnomathematics Approaches (Version V1). [63] Siregar, T., Yerizon, Y., & Fauzan, A. (2025). Identification of Factors Contributing to Low Mathematics Learning Outcomes Among Students. Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Identification of Factors Contributing to Low Mathematics Learning Outcomes Among Students (November 08, 2025). [64] Siregar, T., Yerizon, Y., & Fauzan, A. (2025). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Strategy in Enhancing Students' Critical Thinking Skills. Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Strategy in Enhancing Students' Critical Thinking Skills (November 08, 2025). [65] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, An Overview of Problem-Based Learning: Its Process and Impact on Learning (November 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5722383 [66] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, An Overview of Problem-Based Learning: Its Process and Impact on Learning (November 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5722383 [67] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning versus Conventional Instruction: A Meta-Synthesis of Meta-Analyses (November 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5722422 [68] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Improvement of Mathematics Learning Outcomes through the Implementation of the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach in Primary Schools (November 17, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5756982 [69] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, The Effect of PBL-STAD on Improving Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes (November 07, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5714764 [70] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and , Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, The Effectiveness of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) on Students' Problem-Solving Skills and Mathematical Beliefs in Elementary School (November 17, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5757003 [71] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Strategy in Enhancing Students' Critical Thinking Skills (November 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5719562 [72] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Analysis of Senior High School Students' Difficulties in Statistics Material (November 10, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5732246 [73] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Identification of Factors Contributing to Low Mathematics Learning Outcomes Among Students (November 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5719502 [74] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, Analysis of Senior High School Students' Difficulties in Statistics Material (November 10, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5732246 [75] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal and Yerizon, Yerizon and Fauzan, Ahmad, The Role of Mathematical Prior Ability and Students' Perceptions of Statistics on their Statistics Learning Achievement (November 10, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5732266 [76] Siregar, Torang and , Rusdinal, The Effect of Problem-Based Learning and STEM-Based E-Modules on Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills (November 15, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5752782 [77] Siregar, Torang and Yerizon, Yerizon, Balancing Higher-and Lower-Order Thinking Skills: An Analysis of Lecturers' Pedagogical Practices in Higher Education (October 11, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5590290 [78] Siregar, Torang, Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning and Problem-Based Learning on Students' Understanding of Mathematics Concepts (November 09, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5726784 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5726784 [79] Siregar, Torang, Development of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Mathematics Learning Media in Calculus Courses Using the GeoGebra Application with the PjBL Learning Model (October 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5577752 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5577752 [80] Siregar, Torang, Development of Augmented Reality-Based Science Learning Media to Enhance Creative Thinking Skills and Digital Literacy (October 13, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5596730 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5596730 [81] Siregar, Torang, Development of GeoGebra-Assisted E-Module in Multiple Integral Calculus Course (November 15, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5752722 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5752722 [82] Siregar, Torang, Effectiveness of Utilizing GeoGebra in Mathematics Instruction to Enhance Students' Understanding of Derivatives (November 29, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5825342 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5825342 [83] Siregar, Torang, Implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Model to Enhance Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (November 06, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5709306 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5709306 [84] Siregar, Torang, Implementation of the Discovery Learning Model to Enhance the Quality of Mathematics Learning and Student Achievement in the Topic of Sum and Difference Formulas of Sine and Cosine of Two Angles among Grade 11 Science Stream Students (November 06, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5709305 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5709305 [85] Siregar, Torang, Mixed Methods Research Approach (December 01, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5837862 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5837862 [86] Siregar, Torang, STEM-Based Implementation of GeoGebra in Pre-Service Mathematics Teacher Education (November 09, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5726805 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5726805 [87] Siregar, Torang, Strategy to Enhance Early Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) (November 15, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5752743 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5752743 [88] Siregar, Torang, The Effects of GeoGebra on Students Achievement (October 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5577731 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5577731 [89] Siregar, Torang, Virtual Reality (VR) Based Learning Media as a Support of Mathematics Learning Process for Students in Schools (October 08, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5577735 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5577735 [90] Siregar, Torang. "Application of Problem Based Learning to Improve Student Motivation and Learning Outcomes on Vector Material." Cigarskruie: Journal of Educational and Islamic Research, vol. 1, no. 2, Mar. 2024, pp. 99-130, doi:10.65190/636423. [91] Siregar, Y. L. (2020). Pengaruh kompetensi, motivasi, disiplin kerja, dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Tapak Tuan. Manajemen Bisnis: Jurnal Magister Manajemen, 2(1), 85–92. [92] Sudjana, N. (2019). Penilaian hasil proses belAJIar mengAJIar. RemAJIa Rosdakarya. [93] Sukiman. (2013). Pengembangan sistem evaluasi. Insan Madani. [94] Supardi & Suharsimi, A. (2009). Penelitian tindakan kelas. Bumi Aksara. [95] Suryani, M., Jufri, L. H., & Putri, T. A. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Peserta didik Berdasarkan Kemampuan Awal Matematika. Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 119-130. https://doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v9i1.605 [96] Suryaningsih, S., & Nurlita, R. (2025). Pentingnya Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik (E-LKPD) Inovatif dalam Proses Pembelajaran Abad 21. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(7), 1256-1268. https://doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i7.233 [97] Torang Siregar, & Yuni Rhamayanti. (2025). Implementasi Pengembangan Model ADDIE pada Dunia Pendidikan. Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengembangan (JHPP), 3(2), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.61116/jhpp.v3i2.561 [98] Torang Siregar, Marsigit, Atmini, R Rosnawati, & Karyati. (2024). UPAYA MEREDUKSI PERILAKU BULLYING MELALUI BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK ROLE PLAYING PADA SISWA MTS NEGERI 1 PADANGSIDIMPUAN. Jurnal Pendekar Nusantara, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.37776/pend.v1i3.1349 [99] Torang Siregar. (2024). Logika Berfikir Manusia dalam Konsep Matematika dan Konteks Etnomatematika. Jurnal Pendidikan Educandum, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.55656/jpe.v1i1.181 [100] Torang Siregar. (2025). Mengapa Validitas dan Reliabilitas Penting dalam L&D (Pembelajaran & Pengembangan): Apa yang Dapat Anda Lakukan Tentang Hal Ini. JURNAL PEMIKIRAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN, 7(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.31970/pendidikan.v7i1.463 [101] Trianto. (2009). Mendesain model pembelAJIaran inovatif-progresif: Konsep, landasan, dan implementasinya pada Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Kencana Prenada Media Group. [102] Umayrah, U., Sripatmi, S., Azmi, S., & Arjudin, A. (2023). Pengaruh Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta didik. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika Jakarta, 5(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.21009/jrpmj.v5i1.23024 [103] Usman, M., & Ekasatya, A. (2019). Efektivitas penggunaan model pembelAJIaran problem based learning terhadap hasil belAJIar matematika siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 11(1), 71–78. [104] van Keulen, H. Torang Siregar. [105] Wirevenska, I., Mardiati, M., & Listiana, Y. (2020). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBI) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik Siswa. Jurnal Serunai Matematika, 12(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.37755/jsm.v12i2.309 [106] Yuaidah, R., Balkist, P. S., & Mulyanti, Y. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Peserta didik dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Pada Materi Aljabar. Jurnal PEKA (Pendidikan Matematika), 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.37150/jp.v6i1.1546 [107] Yuliani, Y., Destiniar, D., & Jayanti, J. (2020). Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (Pbl) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Peserta didik Smp. AdMathEdu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Ilmu Matematika Dan Matematika Terapan, 10(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.12928/admathedu.v10i1.14486 [108] Zulva, M., Turmuzi, M., & Saputra, H. H. (2022). Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Media Si Bula (Stik Bilangan Bulat) terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta didik SD Kelas IV SDN 18 Cakranegara Tahun Ajaran 2025/2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan, 7(2c), 812-820. https://doi.org/10.29303/jipp.v7i2c.627 [109] Arfani, A. L., & Yuliawati, F. (2025). Analisis Pemahaman Siswa Kelas Rendah Terhadap Konsep Perkalian pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu di SD/MI [Analysis of Lower-Grade Students' Understanding of Multiplication Concepts in Integrated Thematic Learning in Elementary Schools/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah]. AR-RIAYAH: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 5(2), 211. https://doi.org/10.29240/jpd.v5i2.3027 [110] Fauzia, H. A. (2018). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika SD [Application of the Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Elementary School Mathematics Learning Outcomes]. Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar, 7(1), 40-47. [111] Ginanjar, A. Y. (2019). Pentingnya Penguasaan Konsep Matematika dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika di SD [The Importance of Mastering Mathematical Concepts in Solving Mathematical Problems in Elementary School]. Jurnal Pendidikan UNIGA, 13(1), 121-129. www.jurnal.uniga.ac.id [112] Ikhsani, A. N. R., Tryanasari, D., & Kartikasari, A. (2024). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Siswa SD Menggunakan Metode Jarimatika [Improving Elementary School Students' Calculation Skills Using the Jarimatika Method]. Prosiding Konferensi Ilmiah Dasar, 5, 334-339. https://prosiding.unipma.ac.id/index.php/KID/article/view/5486 [113] Juardi, I. F., & Komariah, K. (2023). Konsep Pembelajaran Matematika Sekolah Dasar Berlandaskan Teori Kognitif Jean Piaget [Elementary School Mathematics Learning Concepts Based on Jean Piaget's Cognitive Theory]. Journal on Education, 6(1), 2179-2187. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i1.3220 [114] Maulina, M., Dayana, U., Nasrullah, R., Geelan, D., & Ordanza Cortez, A. (2024). Educational Research Methodology Trends of Southeast Asia English Major Undergraduate Theses: A Content Analysis. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(3), 3179-3192. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v16i3.4698 [115] Muin, A., & Ulfah, R. M. (2012). Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa dengan Pembelajaran Menggunakan Aplikasi Moodle [Improving Students' Mathematics Learning Outcomes Through Learning Using the Moodle Application]. Pythagoras: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 73-82. [116] Mulyati, S., & Evendi, H. (2020). Pembelajaran Matematika Melalui Media Game Quizizz Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika SMP [Mathematics Learning Through the Quizizz Game Media to Improve Junior High School Mathematics Learning Outcomes]. GAUSS: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 3(1), 64-73. https://www.elibrary.ru/ [117] Nailul, C., Sholehah, H., Nurmahilawati, D., Fadila, N., Mulyati, I. S., & Fauzi, I. (2022). Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru dengan PTK [Improving Teacher Professionalism with Classroom Action Research]. Jurnal Padegogik, 5(2), 1-2. [118] Septyanggraeni, A. D., Masriyah, M., & Rahaju, E. B. (2023). Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa SMK Materi Matriks Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Adaptasi dan Inovasi [Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability of Vocational High School Students in Matrix Material Reviewed from Adaptive and Innovative Cognitive Styles]. Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika Inovatif, 6(2), 889-900. https://doi.org/10.22460/jpmi.v6i2.15869 [119] Shipa Faujiah, & Nurafni. (2022). Analisis Pemahaman Konsep Perkalian pada Pembelajaran Matematika Peserta Didik Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar [Analysis of the Understanding of Multiplication Concepts in Mathematics Learning for Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students]. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 8(3), 829-840. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v8i3.2588 [120] Siregar, T. (2023). Stages of research and development model research and development (R&D). DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities, 1(4), 142–158. [121] Torang Siregar, & Yuni Rhamayanti. (2025). Implementasi Pengembangan Model ADDIE pada Dunia Pendidikan. Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Pengembangan (JHPP), 3(2), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.61116/jhpp.v3i2.561 [122] Siregar, T. . (2024). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Membaca Teks Recount di Kelas X-1 SMAN 1 Padangsidimpuan. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(1), 118 –. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i1.426 [123] Siregar, T. Application of the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) Learning Model in Improving Mathematics Learning Activities and Achievements (September 14, 2025). Available at SSRN, 5484426. [124] Torang, S. (2025). Enhancing Students' Conceptual Understanding of Limits Through the Kemmis and McTaggart Classroom Action Research Model. [125] Siregar, T. (2025). PERBANDINGAN PENDIDIKAN MESIR INDONESIA. Dialektika Publik, 9(1), 36-55. [126] Siregar, T. GeoGebra in Higher Education in the SCOPUS Database: A Bibliometric Analysis. [127] Siregar, T. (2025). Studi Lintasan Pembelajaran dan Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran GeoGebra terhadap Pemahaman Turunan Fungsi Aljabar. Bakti : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(2), 27-45. https://doi.org/10.51135/bakti.5.2.27-45 [128] Siregar, Torang, Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities of Students in Problem-Based Learning (December 13, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5913063 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5913063 [129] Siregar, Torang and Keulen, Hanno van, Development of Android-Based Mathematics Learning Media Using Articulate Storyline 3 on Geometric Sequences and Series Material (December 13, 2025). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=5913722 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5913722 [130] Siregar, T. (2025). Mixed methods research design: Integration strategies in research methodology. Available at SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=5832662