Monthly Soil moisture Anomalies from Sentinel 1 DPA product for Ebro basin, Spain (2016 - 2024) at 1km

Monthly soil moisture anomalies were derived from Sentinel-1 dual-polarisation SAR–based soil moisture (DPA; Fan et al., 2025) at 1 km spatial resolution. Soil moisture anomaly (SMA) provides a direct measure of plant-available water stress and is therefore closely linked to agricultural drought impacts, including reductions in crop yield and agricultural productivity.  SMA is the indicator used by the Copernicus Global Drought Observatory (GDO) to identify the onset and duration of agricultural drought, defined as periods of abnormally low soil moisture availability affecting vegetation and crops. In this dataset, the GDO formulation was adapted to a monthly temporal resolution and computed over the available data period of DPA from 2016 to 2024.  Anomaly values are expressed in units of standard deviation.

Dataset was produced for the Ebro Basin, the largest river catchment in Spain, located in the northeast of Iberian Peninsula. The basin covers an area of about 85,600 km²  and it is bounded between the three meteorological domains of this region of SW Europe: Atlantic, European continental and Mediterranean.