THE ROLE OF LIFESTYLE CHANGES RELATED TO BEAHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS IN CANCER PREVENTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Cancer is a complex disease that is becoming a leading and widespread cause of death worldwide, with approximately 40% of cancer cases attributable to changeable behavioural factor risks can be controlled by modification of our behaviour in light of risk factors associated with our lifestyle. This extensive research review analysis has investigated recent evidence and findings the concluded research results and directions published from the year 2018 to 2025 on lifestyle interventions primarily related to main five key modifiable risk factors i.e. dietary patterns, weight management, alcohol reduction, physical activity and smoking cessation. New evidence and results from randomized techniques of controlled studies and systematic reviews suggest that plant-based dietary arrangement, exclusively when connected with calorie restriction, show promising effects in reducing cancer-related biomarkers and risk, particularly for colorectal and breast cancer. Physical activity interventions consistently demonstrate protective associations and preventive approaches; however, the optimal parameters are still under investigation. Smoking cessation remains the most effective behavioural intervention for cancer prevention, while alcohol reduction strategies appear feasible in community settings. Weight management through intentional weight loss guidelines and directions seems to be a particularly beneficial, with mechanistic evidence linking reduced obesity to decreased inflammation and favourable metabolic changes. However, evidence from long-term randomized trials directly measuring cancer incidence is still limited for the most intervention types, and integrated studies and findings focusing on specific risk factors across substantial and huge populations over a prolonged time and duration are needed. Future research priorities include large, long-term trials in diverse and hugely affected populations, mechanistic biomarker studies, and implementation science approaches to translate efficacy findings into real-world prevention programs for the defining the best concept and approaches to demonstrate the guidelines of cancer prevention. This comprehensive and systematic review brings together existing evidence and identifies critical gaps and provides guidance to inform both healthcare practices and upcoming studies in lifestyle-based cancer prevention.