Entropy-Action Equivalence: Ten Independent Derivations & Six Falsifiable Predictions

We report that ten independent theoretical frameworks converge on a single mathematical identity: S = jZ, identifying entropy (S) and action (Z) as dual projections of one irreversible counting process, linked by the constant

j ≡ (k_B ln 2) / ℏ ≈ 9.1 × 10¹⁰ bits/(J·s). 

We present six falsifiable predictions, most notably a precise thermal–gravitational equivalence (ΔT / T = Δτ / τ) testable with current microkelvin thermometry, offering an immediate path to validation or refutation.