Bright nights, dim futures: Artificial light at night disrupts behavioral patterns in animals: A review

Abstract
The widespread use of artificial light at night has transformed our environment, affecting the
daily activities of nearly all animals. The natural separation between day and night has been
severely disrupted. The natural behaviors of organisms have been altered due to extended
lighting periods resulting from disrupted circadian regulation. This includes changes in the
timing and duration of foraging, feeding, resting, waking, migration, and reproduction.
Diurnal species, whose reproductive cycles are more predictable in natural environments,
have also suffered from this illuminated environment. This review highlights the role of the
artificial light environment on various behavioral aspects, and hence the need to protect the
natural darkness to maintain the normalbehaviors and survival of a wide range of animals.