Published December 31, 2025 | Version v1
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Study on the urban heat island phebomenon in the craft village area in Bac Ninh, Vietnam

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This study uses Landsat-9 satellite imagery data to analyze the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in the craft village area of Bac Ninh, Vietnam. This area is experiencing severe pollution caused by human activities such as dust, water pollution, emissions, and high temperatures. The calculation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) from Landsat-9 proves useful for observing surface temperatures in the study area. LST is processed to determine the extent and scope of the urban heat island, while the study also classifies land cover based on indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Based on these results, the study has shown a significant surface temperature difference of up to 10.2°C between areas with abundant greenery and densely populated areas with houses, especially in production zones that are still concentrated or mixed with residential areas. In comparison, the temperature difference with other areas is 5.8°C. The research findings could provide valuable information on the impact of the UHI effect in the craft village area of Bac Ninh, Vietnam

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