State of the art on the latest applications for virtual courtrooms (e.g., legal clinics) in the IVR field

This contribution examines the evaluation methods applied to virtual courtroom environments, with a specific focus on the cognitive, experiential, and normative dimensions of immersive judicial settings. Drawing on the state of the art, the analysis explores key assessment domains including narrative and spatial memory, sense of presence, empathy, user experience, and perceptions of fairness, as well as communication, participation, environmental factors, and authority dynamics. By systematising existing evaluative frameworks, the paper highlights critical methodological challenges and emerging criteria for assessing the impact of virtual courtrooms on judicial practices, procedural legitimacy, and users’ trust. The concluding section synthesises the main considerations arising from the literature, outlining implications for future research and the responsible design of immersive justice systems.