INCOME TRENDS AND STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF AZERBAIJAN'S TRANSPORT SECTORS

This study presents a statistical assessment of revenue generated from cargo transportation in Azerbaijan’s sea transport sector. By applying descriptive statistical methods, the research investigates long-term patterns, variability, and distributional characteristics of maritime income from 2000 to 2024. The analysis indicates considerable fluctuations influenced by cargo volume shifts, economic developments, and sector-specific changes. Measures such as average income, variance, skewness and kurtosis outline the fundamental properties of income distribution, offering deeper insight into the operational dynamics of maritime transport. These results confirm the enduring significance of sea transport as a major contributor to national transport revenues.

The research also conducts a statistical evaluation of income derived from freight transportation in Azerbaijan’s railway sector during 2000–2024. It explores the strategic importance of railway transport in the modern economy and its central role within Azerbaijan’s logistics network. The analysis includes freight income trends, descriptive indicators, covariance and correlation outcomes, and factors shaping revenue—such as cargo volume, tariff regulations and infrastructure progress. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the influence of key international transport corridors, including the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (Middle Corridor), the Baku–Tbilisi–Kars line, the North–South Corridor and the TRACECA initiative. Overall, the findings provide a detailed overview of income behavior in the railway sector and underline its relevance for national economic growth and global transport integration.

Additionally, the study investigates income patterns in Azerbaijan’s air transport sector using statistical data. It compares total transport revenue with income derived specifically from air transportation and evaluates income from both air cargo and passenger services. The research applies various statistical techniques such as graphical analysis, descriptive statistics, covariance, correlation and standard deviation to measure variability across income categories. A two-sample t-test is used to compare mean differences among income groups. The results reveal that air transport revenue rises in parallel with total transport income, while strong positive relationships exist between air passenger and air cargo earnings. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that the air transport sector represents a vital and growing component of Azerbaijan’s transport economy.

The sea transport sector represents a strategically important component of Azerbaijan’s overall transport and logistics system. Situated along the western coast of the Caspian Sea, the country combines modern port facilities—particularly the Baku International Sea Trade Port and several specialized oil terminals—with an expanding fleet of commercial and technical vessels that operate on domestic, regional, and international routes. Maritime transport supports both general cargo and energy-related shipments and plays a vital role in Azerbaijan’s plans to strengthen transit connections between Europe and Asia.