4D-STEM dataset of Au nanoparticle in liquid cell TEM

As a model system to demonstrate clustering analysis of 4D-STEM data, we use Au nanoparticles grown via electron-beam-induced radiolysis during liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM). An aqueous 1 mM HAuCl₄ solution was introduced into a liquid-cell flow holder (Insight Chips, Flow Holder) equipped with an 80 nm-thick nanochannel (Insight Chips, Nano Channel Chips). Au nanoparticles were nucleated and grown under continuous electron-beam irradiation with an electron flux of 1.14 e⁻ Å⁻² s⁻¹. 4D-STEM data were acquired on a Spectra transmission electron microscope at the nano@Stanford shared facilities of Stanford University. The dataset was collected using a Dectris Arina pixelated detector with a diffraction frame size of 512 × 512 pixels, a probe convergence semi-angle of 0.622 mrad, and a dwell time of 50 µs per probe position. The dataset includes both the raw 4D-STEM data and the corresponding prefiltered datasets used for subsequent clustering and analysis.