Arduino-Powered Soil Nutrient and Moisture Management for Sustainable Farming

Climate change, limited natural resources, and increasing food demand pose major challenges to modern agriculture. Traditional irrigation and fertilization methods often result in inefficient resource use and contribute to soil degradation. This work presents an Internet of Things (IoT)- enabled system using Arduino technology for real-time monitoring of soil moisture, temperature, and humidity to enhance sustainable farming practices. The system automates the delivery of water and nutrients based on sensor readings and allows remote management through the Blynk mobile application. Components such as soil moisture and environmental sensors, solenoid valves, and a water pump are integrated to ensure precise and timely operation. Field testing demonstrated a significant reduction in water usage and fertilizer consumption compared to manual methods, leading to improved crop health and operational efficiency. While the system proved effective, further development is planned, including the integration of additional sensors for pH and salinity, solar-powered operation, and machine learning for predictive automation. These enhancements aim to increase system intelligence, scalability, and accessibility for diverse agricultural environments.