Why is the net magnetic flux through a closed surface zero?

This paper addresses the fundamental question of why net magnetic flux equals zero by redefining the relationship between protons, electrons, and their intrinsic rotations. By modeling an electric flux tube where protons and electrons are viewed as identical charges with opposite rotational phases, the study demonstrates that their internal magnetic fields cancel each other out during the formation of a neutron. This interaction results in a localized particle-like state for individual charges, while the overall system manifests as a wave packet—an elongated envelope that ultimately structures the physical objects of the macroscopic world.