ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN STRENGTHENING ECO-TOURISM AND COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN INDIA

Eco-tourism and community-based tourism (CBT) have emerged as powerful tools for sustainable tourism development in India. The Government of India and various state governments have introduced policies, schemes, and institutional mechanisms to promote environmentally responsible tourism and empower local communities. This research paper examines key policies, evaluates their impact, and highlights the geographical dimensions of eco-tourism and CBT. Using secondary data, policy documents, and regional case studies, this paper analyses the effectiveness of initiatives such as the Swadesh Darshan Scheme, PRASHAD, Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) regulations, Wildlife Tourism policies, and State Eco-tourism Boards. Findings reveal that while government interventions have significantly improved infrastructure, conservation efforts, and livelihood opportunities, challenges remain in policy implementation, community participation, and monitoring. The paper concludes with suggestions for strengthening sustainable tourism through inclusive governance, capacity building, and geospatial monitoring.