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Table 4 in New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy
Authors/Creators
- 1. Water Laboratory, University of Evora, P. I. T. E. Rua da Barba Rala No. 1, 7005 - 345 Evora, Portugal & Institute of Earth Sciences - ICT, University of Evora, Rua Romao Ramalho n °. 59, 7000 - 671 Evora, Portugal
- 2. Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity (OCEB), Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
Description
Table 4. Comparison of Pseudostaurosira frankenae sp. nov. with selected, similar, congeneric, and cruciform to broadly lanceolate taxa. Features in bold italic font are defining for each taxon. *Internal view of P. caballeroae is unknown.
| Feature/species | P. australopatagonica M.L. García, L.A. Villacís, Maidana & E. Morales | P. caballeroae V.H. Salinas, D. Mora, R. Jahn & N. Abarca * | P. decipiens E. Morales, G. Chávez & Ector | P. frankenae sp. nov. | P. laucensis Lange-Bertalot & Rumrich | P. parasitica (W. Smith) E. Morales | P. pseudoconstruens (Marciniak) D.M. Williams & Round |
| Valve dimensions (µm) | L: 20-25 W: 6.5-9.0 | L: 13.8-17.7 W: 6.9-8.5 | L: 4-29 W: 4-6 | L: 8.7-12.0 W: 6.7-7.7 | L: 5.5-20.0 W: 3.5-5.5 | L: 9-18 W: 4.5-5.0 | L: 4-22 W: 3-7 |
| Stria density (in 10 µm) | 10-12 | 13-14 | 13-15 | 14 | 14-15 | 19-21 | 15-18 |
| Valve outline; axial area; virgae | Cruciform to rhomboid with subcapitate apices; lanceolate, wider at central area, clearly depressed with respect to virgae in outer view, slightly depressed in internal view; much wider than striae | Cruciform with narrowly rounded ends; lanceolate, wider at central area; clearly depressed with respect to striae in external view; wide | Lanceolate with rostrate ends; lanceolate wider at central area, externally slightly depressed with respect to virgae, internally at the same level as the latter; wide | Cruciform with broadly rounded ends; lanceolate, wider at central area; clearly depressed with respect to striae in external and internal view; slender than striae | Lanceolate to rhomboid with narrowly subrostrate to cuneate ends; lanceolate, faintly depressed with respect to virgae in outer view, flat in internal view; wide | Lanceolate with narrowly rounded to subcapitate ends; lanceolate, wider at central area, clearly depressed with respect to virgae in external and internal view; as wide as striae | Cruciform with broadly rounded to subcapitate ends; lanceolate wider at central area, slightly depressed with respect to virgae in external and internal view; much wider than striae |
| Areolae; volae; striae | Round at apices to elliptically elongate; large generally growing opposite from shorter axis of areolae, internally forming a dendritic pattern; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face, 1 large, round to ovoid on valve mantle | Round at apices to elliptically elongate, sometimes only 1 very long on valve face; smaller, bifurcate and growing from longer areolar axis; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face, valve mantle areola not clearly illustrated | Round to ovoid; diapason shaped and further bifurcate at the valve interior, allowing the internal deposition of two concentric disks of inorganic material; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face and 1 large, trapezoid on mantle, sometimes an extra round one present on mantle | Round to elliptic; smaller, bifurcate, allowing the internal deposition of an elliptic disk of inorganic material; composed of 1-4 areolae on valve face and a single, large, trapezoid one on mantle | Round to elliptic; developed with ring-like depositions distorted in different ways at the valve interior; composed of 1-2 areolae on valve face, decreasing in size toward axial area and a single, slightly larger, elliptic to trapezoid on the mantle | Round at apices to elliptically elongate; small, usually originating from smaller axis of valve; composed typically of 1, unusually 2, areolae on valve face, typically one smaller areola on valve mantle | Round to elliptic; smaller, bifurcate, originating from inner areolar perimeter; composed of 1-4 areolae on valve face, 1-2 on valve mantle, of same size as valve face areolae |
| Spines; stipules; flaps | Incipient, forming a short arch-like structure extending from virgae to virgae; absent; absent | Very thin, flattened, extending from virgae to virgae, forming an undulate to dentate pattern on valve face/mantle transition; absent; absent | Solid, elliptic base, as wide as basal vimen, flattened body with concave sides, spatulate or heart-shaped tip; absent; absent, only mineral depositions resembling floating disks on outer areolar opening | Solid, round to elliptic base, wider than basal vimen, triangular in side view, flattened upper body with bifurcate tip; absent; disk-like, 1 persistent in valve face areolae; 1-3 in mantle areolae | Incipient and occurring as whitish depositions along valve face/mantle transition; absent, absent | Absent; absent; absent | Solid, with long elliptic base, shorter than basal virgae on which they grow, flattened body with concave sides, highly branched tips; absent; absent |
| Apical pore fields; mantle abvalvar blisters | Cavernous and large, almost covering entire valve apex with poroids at the base of troughs, internally opening into a single elliptic depression; small, absent from the apices | Cavernous and large, almost covering entire valve apex with poroids at the base of troughs, internally unknown; excess depositions impede visualization in original illustrations | Cavernous, from 1 to several rows of poroids can be seen externally, internally a roundish depression contains several rows or poroids; developed, present including at valve apices | Cavernous, only one transapical row of poroids can be seen externally, internally, a round depression contains various rows of poroids; developed, present including at valve apices | Non-cavernous, sunken onto valve apex in external view, internal view unknown; small, not covering apices | Cavernous, visibly sunken onto valve apex and occupying almost its entirety, pores lie at bottom of troughs, internally plaque of pores is raised; very small and absent from apices | Very reduced externally, internally opening into a small depressed circular area; small and present at apices |
| References | García et al. (2021) | Salinas et al. (2020) | Morales et al. (2012b) | This study | Servant-Vildary (1986), Rumrich et al. (2000) | Morales (2003a, 2010) | Williams and Round (1987) |
Notes
Published as part of Morales, Eduardo A., Wetzel, Carlos E. & Ector, Luc, 2021, New and poorly known " araphid " diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from regions near Lake Titicaca, South America and a discussion on the continued use of morphological characters in " araphid " diatom taxonomy, pp. 23 in PhytoKeys 187 on page 23, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.187.73338
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References
- Garcia, ML, Bustos, S, Villacis, LA, Laprida, C, Mayr, C, Moreno, PI, Maidana, NI, Morales, EA, 2021. New araphid species of the genus Pseudostaurosira (Bacillariophyceae) from southern Patagonia. European Journal of Phycology 56 (3): 255 - 272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2020.1813810
- Salinas, VH, Mora, D, Jahn, R, Abarca, N, 2020. New species of Pseudostaurosira (Bacillariophyceae) including a tripolar taxon from mountain streams of Central Mexico. Phytotaxa 464 (3): 193 - 206, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.464.3.1
- Morales, EA, Novais, MH, Chavez, G, Hoffmann, L, Ector, L, 2012b. Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from the Bolivian Altiplano: Three new araphid species from the Desaguadero River draining Lake Titicaca. Fottea 12 (1): 41 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2012.004
- Servant-Vildary, S, 1986. Les diatomees actuelles des Andes de Bolivie (taxonomie, ecologie). Cahiers de Micropaleontologie 1 (3-4): 99 - 124
- Rumrich, U, Lange-Bertalot, H, Rumrich, M, 2000. Diatoms of the Andes. From Venezuela to Patagonia/Tierra del Fuego. Iconographia Diatomologica 9: 1 - 649
- Morales, EA, 2003a. On the taxonomic status of the genera Belonastrum and Synedrella proposed by Round and Maidana (2001). Cryptogamie. Algologie 24 (3): 277 - 288
- Morales, EA, 2010. Pseudostaurosira parasitica. In: Diatoms of North America. https://diatoms.org/species/pseudostaurosira_parasitica
- Williams, DM, Round, FE, 1987. Revision of the genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research 2 (2): 267 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1987.9705004