The Contribution of Engineering in Advancing Sustainable Urban Infrastructure and Environmental Impact Assessments in Nigeria and South Africa: A PRISMA Systematic Review

The rapid urbanisation of cities presents both opportunities and challenges for sustainable urban infrastructure development. This systematic review explores engineering contributions to sustainable urban infrastructure in Nigeria and South Africa, focusing on environmental impact assessments. Given the unique hurdles faced by African nations, including limited resources and infrastructure, innovative engineering solutions are essential. The review highlights engineering's vital role in minimising environmental impacts, reducing carbon footprints, and promoting resource efficiency within urban development projects. By analysing existing literature and identifying gaps relevant to Nigeria and South Africa, this study aims to understand how engineering practices and policies influence sustainable infrastructure development and environmental assessments. Key research questions include the extent of engineering contributions to sustainable urban infrastructure, the ecological consequences of these initiatives, and best practices for addressing sector challenges. The findings indicate that South Africa concentrates on equitable urban infrastructure development post-Apartheid, while Nigeria's investment aims at resilient urban infrastructure driven by rapid population growth and urbanisation. These insights are designed to support policymakers, engineers, and stakeholders in promoting resilient urban ecosystems and attaining the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.