A comparative evaluation of the mechanical and surface properties of reinforced 3D printed polymethylmethacrylate and CAD CAM polymethylmethacrylate - An in-vitro study
- 1. International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR)
Description
Abstract
Introduction: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture bases fabricated through 3D printing technology are proven to be better in comparison to its digital counterpart, the subtractive CAD CAM technique, in terms of cost effectiveness, reduced wastage, better detail reproduction and ability to print complex geometries. However, the mechanical and surface properties of 3D printed denture bases are found to be inferior to both conventional and CAD CAM techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the properties of 3D printed PMMA resin to make it a viable alternative to conventional and CAD CAM techniques.
Aim: To compare and evaluate the mechanical and surface properties of reinforced 3D printed PMMA with CAD CAM PMMA.
Method: A total of 72 samples of dimensions 64x10x3.3mm were divided into 4 groups (n=18), Group I CAD CAM PMMA, Group II unmodified 3D printed PMMA, Group III 1wt% Al2O3 reinforced 3D printed PMMA and Group IV 2.5wt% ZrO2 reinforced 3D printed PMMA. Immediate flexural strength, surface hardness and surface roughness were tested after immersion in distilled water for 24 hours. Delayed flexural strength, surface hardness and surface roughness were tested after immersion in artificial saliva for 30 days followed by 5000 cycles of thermocycling simulating 6 months of intraoral use.
Results: The statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank with significance set at p value < 0.05. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among all groups. CAD CAM PMMA (Group I) had the highest immediate (116.20 ± 1.28 MPa) and delayed (108.25 ± 0.98 MPa) flexural strength, hardness (24.38 ± 0.64 VHN immediate; 22.82 ± 0.33 VHN delayed), and lowest roughness (0.66 ± 0.02 μm immediate; 0.74 ± 0.02 μm delayed). Zirconium oxide reinforcement (Group IV) showed higher flexural strength than Aluminum oxide (Group III), whereas Aluminum oxide reinforcement yielded the lowest surface roughness among the 3D printed groups.
Conclusion: Reinforcing 3D printed PMMA denture base resin with 2.5 wt% aluminum oxide or 1 wt% zirconium oxide significantly improved its mechanical and surface properties. While CAD-CAM PMMA remains superior, nanoparticle reinforcement offers a viable path to enhance the clinical performance of 3D printed resins.
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References
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