Capital in Digital Societies: Bourdieu's Theory as Reflected in Platform Capitalism

Context and Academic FrameworkThis research study is an original scholarly work conducted within an independent academic framework and prepared in accordance with established research and publication standards. The study is presented for academic dissemination and contributes to ongoing scholarly dialogue within its relevant disciplinary field.

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Abstract

This research study explores how Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital—economic, social, cultural, and symbolic—applies within the realities of digital societies and platform capitalism. With the rise of platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube, visibility, attention, and reach have become central resources that shape participation and social positioning. The study examines whether these forms of capital remain balanced or whether economic capital ultimately dominates within the structures of platform-driven economies. Drawing on existing theoretical frameworks and empirical findings from social media research, it highlights how likes, followers, and reach function simultaneously as symbolic, social, and economic resources. While symbolic and cultural competencies still play significant roles, the findings emphasize that economic mechanisms increasingly regulate visibility and attention. The study concludes that Bourdieu’s model remains valuable but must be expanded to account for the structural dominance of economic logic in digital capitalism.