Theosophia
Published December 27, 2025 | Version v1
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Dua ve Düşünce Bastırmanın Bilişsel Kontrol Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ego Tükenmesi Paradigmasının Replikasyonu

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  • 1. No Affiliation
  • 2. Indiana University South Bend

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Öz: Bu araştırmanın amacı, Friese ve arkadaşlarının “Personal prayer counteracts self-control depletion” başlıklı çalışmasını farklı bir örneklem üzerinde replika etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda mevcut literatürdeki “replikasyon krizine” katkı sağlanmak hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma, özdenetim kaynaklarının zihinsel çabayla tüketilebileceği varsayımına dayanan kaynak modeli çerçevesinde yürütülmüş, dua etmenin bu süreci düzenleyici bir faktör olarak işlev görüp görmediği test edilmiştir. Ayrıca cinsiyetin öz kontrol performansıyla ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler SPSS 29 Programı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ndeki bir üniversitede seksen lisans ve lisansüstü öğrenci katılmıştır (48 erkek, 32 kadın; M = 25.34, SD = 5.67). Katılımcıların dini mensubiyetleri Hristiyanlık (%48,1), İslam (%16,5), ateizm (%12,7), Hinduizm (%10,1), Budizm (%7,6), Yahudilik (%3,8) ve agnostisizm (%1,3) dir. Araştırma 2×2 faktöriyel bir deneysel tasarım ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bağımsız değişkenler (a) düşünce bastırma (var/yok) ve (b) dua (var/yok) olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna ek olarak cinsiyet (kadın/erkek) ek analizlerde faktör olarak modele dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkeni, Stroop testi üzerinden elde edilen renk–kelime uyumsuzluğu fark puanıdır (incongruent – congruent tepki süresi). Dindarlık ve dua sıklığı, özdenetim performansıyla ilişkili bireysel özellikleri kontrol etmek amacıyla kovaryat (eş değişken) olarak modele eklenmiştir. Katılımcılar, bilişsel kontrol kaynaklarını tüketmek üzere tasarlanmış bir düşünce bastırma görevini (beyaz ayı düşünmeme), ardından kişisel dua ya da nötr serbest düşünme koşulunu ve son olarak Stroop renk testini tamamlamışlardır. Dindarlık ve dua sıklığı değişkenleri, görev performansı üzerindeki olası etkilerini kontrol etmek amacıyla kovaryans olarak modele dâhil edilmiştir. Kovaryans analizi sonuçları, düşünce bastırma manipülasyonunun Stroop performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir etki oluşturmadığını göstermiştir, F(1,78) = 0.16, p = .688, η² = .002. Benzer şekilde, dua manipülasyonu da Stroop fark puanlarında anlamlı bir farklılık yaratmamıştır, F(1,78) = 1.03, p = .314, η² = .015.  Çalışmada ayrıca cinsiyetin öz kontrol performansıyla ilişkili olup olmadığını test etmek üzere ek bir analiz gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu ek analizde cinsiyetin anlamlı bir ana etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur (F = 6.537, p = .013, η² = .088). Kadın katılımcılar Stroop görevinde erkek katılımcılara kıyasla daha yüksek performans sergilemiştir. Ancak cinsiyetin düşünce bastırma veya dua ile herhangi bir etkileşimi anlamlı değildir; dolayısıyla cinsiyet, temel deneysel manipülasyonların etkilerini değiştirmemektedir. Bu bulgular, dinsel hazırlama etkilerinin bağlama duyarlı doğasına işaret etmekte ve dua–özdenetim ilişkisinin kültürel, bilişsel ve motivasyonel koşullara bağlı olarak değişebileceğini düşündürmektedir. Araştırmanın temel hipotezi, dua etmenin düşünce bastırmanın yol açtığı özdenetim tükenmesini azaltacağı yönündeydi. Ancak elde edilen sonuçlar, dua ve bastırma manipülasyonlarının Stroop performansında anlamlı bir fark oluşturmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşılık, cinsiyet farklılıklarının bilişsel performansta anlamlı bir rol oynaması dikkat çekicidir. Bu beklenmedik sonuçlar, özdenetim ve ego tükenmesi kuramları çerçevesinde tartışılmış; ayrıca dinsel hazırlama etkilerinin kültürel bağlama, deneysel ortamın özelliklerine ve bireysel farklılıklara duyarlılığı, gelecekteki araştırmalar için olası açıklamalar olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, dua ve öz kontrol ilişkisine yönelik bulguların genellenebilirliğini sınırlandıran faktörlerin anlaşılabilmesi için farklı kültürel örneklemlerde önceden kayıtlı (preregistered) replikasyon çalışmalarına ihtiyaç olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Din Psikolojisi, Ego Tükenmesi (Güç modeli), Öz kontrol, Dinsel Hazırlama, Dua, Stroop Testi.

Abstract (En)

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to replicate Friese and colleagues study titled "Personal prayer counteracts self-control depletion" on a different sample. In line with this objective, the aim is to contribute to the "replication crisis" in the existing literature. The research was conducted within the framework of the resource model, which is based on the assumption that self-control resources can be depleted through mental effort, and tested whether praying functions as a regulatory factor in this process. In addition, the relationship between gender and self-control performance was evaluated. Analyses were performed using SPSS 29 software. The study involved eighty undergraduate and graduate students from a university in the United States (48 men, 32 women; M = 25.34, SD = 5.67). Participants' religious affiliations were Christianity (48.1%), Islam (16.5%), atheism (12.7%), Hinduism (10.1%), Buddhism (7.6%), Judaism (3.8%), and agnosticism (1.3%). The study was conducted using a 2×2 factorial experimental design. The independent variables were determined as (a) thought suppression (present/absent) and (b) prayer (present/absent). In addition, gender (female/male) was included in the model as a factor in additional analyses. The independent variables were determined as (a) thought suppression (present/absent) and (b) prayer (present/absent). In addition, gender (female/male) was included in the model as a factor in additional analyses. The dependent variable of the study is the color–word incongruity difference score obtained through the Stroop test (incongruent – congruent reaction time). Religiosity and prayer frequency were added to the model as covariates to control individual characteristics related to self-regulation performance. Participants completed a thought suppression task designed to deplete cognitive control resources (do not think of a white bear), followed by a personal prayer or neutral free-thinking condition, and finally the Stroop color test. The variables of religiosity and prayer frequency were included in the model as covariates to control for their potential effects on task performance. The results of the covariance analysis showed that the thought suppression manipulation did not have a significant effect on Stroop performance, F(1,78) = 0.16, p = .688, η² = .002. Similarly, the prayer manipulation did not create a significant difference in Stroop difference scores, F(1,78) = 1.03, p = .314, η² = .015.  The study also conducted an additional analysis to test whether gender was related to self-regulation performance. This additional analysis found a significant main effect of gender (F = 6.537, p = .013, η² = .088). Female participants performed better than male participants on the Stroop task. However, gender did not interact significantly with thought suppression or prayer; thus, gender did not modify the effects of the primary experimental manipulations. These findings point to the context-sensitive nature of religious priming effects and suggest that the prayer–self-regulation relationship may vary depending on cultural, cognitive, and motivational conditions. The main hypothesis of the study was that praying would reduce the self-control depletion caused by thought suppression. However, the results showed that prayer and suppression manipulations did not produce a significant difference in Stroop performance. In contrast, it is noteworthy that gender differences played a significant role in cognitive performance. These unexpected results were discussed within the framework of self-control and ego depletion theories; furthermore, the sensitivity of religious priming effects to cultural context, experimental setting characteristics, and individual differences was considered as possible explanations for future research. The findings emphasize the need for pre-registered replication studies in different cultural samples to understand the factors that limit the generalizability of findings on the relationship between prayer and self-control.

Keywords: Psychology of Religion, Ego Depletion, Self-control, Religious Priming,  Prayer,  Stroop Task.

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Translated title (En)
The Effect of Suppressing Prayer and Thought on Cognitive Control: Replication of the Ego Depletion Paradigm

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References

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