Applied aspects of environmental safety in the modern built environment

Relevance of the research. Environmental safety in the built environment appears as a multifaceted category that encompasses not only the environmental dimension, but also the socio–economic, technical and technological aspects of spatial development. The concept provides for the systematic management of risks caused by construction activities in order to form a safe, healthy and adaptive environment for life. 
The purpose of the study is to identify the main sources of environmental threats that arise at the stages of planning, construction and operation of facilities, as well as the development of tools for their identification, monitoring and neutralization.
Research methods. The principles of integrating the environmental component into the design process, materials science, logistics and technical operation are revealed, taking into account the trends of digitalization and the transition to a circular economy. The need to revise classical approaches to environmental regulation and regulation towards adaptability and flexibility of management models is highlighted, which allows taking into account the dynamics of the external environment. A typology of risks is presented by the degree of reversibility, source of origin and scale of impact. 
Research results. The concept of eco–balancing is presented as a method of systematic assessment of the interaction of an object with the environment at all stages of the life cycle, which provides a holistic view of the environmental consequences of decisions in the field of design, construction and operation. Digital tools, such as BIM modeling, geographic information systems, sensor platforms and IoT, are considered as effective means of managing environmental safety in real time. Their application allows for in–depth analysis of the impact of construction processes on the environment, creating development scenarios, predicting critical loads and identifying non–obvious relationships between systems. Artificial intelligence and machine learning tools are integrated into the environmental monitoring system as a means of detecting anomalies, forming forecasts and supporting decision–making.
Conclusions. The need for an interdisciplinary approach combining urbanism, ecology, civil engineering and informatics is emphasized as a basic condition for creating sustainable ecosystems in cities. The formation of a single regulatory and methodological framework is proposed, which would unify environmental requirements for construction sites, ensuring their transparency, measurability and adaptability to changing environmental conditions. The practical significance of the study is manifested in the formation of methodological guidelines for developers of regulatory documents, developers and municipalities in the direction of ensuring sustainable development of territories and increasing the environmental resilience of construction sites. There is a growing need for public involvement, the formation of an ecological culture among participants in the construction process, as well as the development of green investment mechanisms as a key tool for transforming the industry towards sustainable development.