ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM STATUS IN NEWBORNS WITH DIABETIC FETOPATHY

Objective of the study: To investigate the characteristics of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in newborns with diabetic fetopathy during the neonatal period. A total of 66 newborns were examined. The main group (Group 1) included 36 (54.5%) newborns born to mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus (NDM). The comparison group (Group 2) included 30 (45.4%) newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (NGDM). Clinical and instrumental examinations were performed, including echocardiography (EchoCG). In newborns with diabetic fetopathy (DF) during the early neonatal period, structural and functional changes of the cardiovascular system were identified, including ventricular wall hypertrophy, cardiac rhythm disturbances, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the impaired relaxation type. These changes were more frequently observed among newborns of mothers with pregestational diabetes, as compensatory mechanisms in this group were markedly reduced. Functional alterations in the form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were detected in 36.6% of newborns with DF (47.2% in the NDM group and 23.3% in the NGDM group). These changes manifested as thickening of the interventricular septum, an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction of the impaired relaxation type.