Geomagnetic Modulation of Human Sleep Architecture: A Multi-Dataset Analysis of Transition Entropy and REM Gating Dynamics

This study investigates the influence of geomagnetic activity on the stability of human sleep architecture using two independent sleep datasets (18 nights and 9 nights). We introduce the Architecture Entropy Index (AEI) and propose a formal REM Gating Controller model to quantify how external geomagnetic perturbations interact with intrinsic sleep-state dynamics. Our results demonstrate a pronounced increase in the probability of direct transitions from deep sleep to wakefulness under high auroral electrojet (AE) activity, alongside a reproducible ~35-minute temporal lag between geomagnetic fluctuations and cortical network reorganization. These findings indicate that human sleep is not a closed homeostatic system but a dynamically modulated process sensitive to external electromagnetic forcing.