THE GREAT SCHOLARS OF IX-XII CENTURIES IN MOVAROUNNAHR AND KHURASAN

This article explores the lives, works, and contributions of the great scholars of the IX-XII centuries in the historical regions of Movarounnahr and Khurasan. These regions, which correspond to present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and northeastern Iran, were centers of Islamic culture, education, and science. The study highlights prominent figures in various fields including philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, literature, and theology. Scholars such as Al-Biruni, Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Al-Farabi, and Al-Khwarizmi played a pivotal role in the development of scientific thought, the dissemination of knowledge, and the intellectual heritage of the Islamic Golden Age. The article also examines the educational institutions, libraries, and intellectual networks that supported scholarly activity and facilitated the exchange of ideas across regions. By analyzing their contributions, the study emphasizes the lasting impact of these scholars on both Eastern and Western civilizations and their role in shaping the cultural and scientific development of Movarounnahr and Khurasan.