Published December 21, 2025
| Version v1
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A Kinematic Saturation Bound on Gravitational Acceleration (Pre-print)
Description
We propose a minimal covariant kinematic bound on gravitational acceleration
by restricting the admissible spacetime congruences in strong-field regimes. The con-
struction introduces no new dynamical fields and does not modify Einstein’s field equa-
tions. The bound is formulated directly in terms of the four-acceleration of timelike
congruences and is shown explicitly to yield finite acceleration and curvature in the
Schwarzschild geometry when expressed in Painlev´e–Gullstrand form. The weak-field
limit recovers Newtonian gravity. The result provides a compact and physically trans-
parent constraint on strong gravitational dynamics.
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Additional details
References
- P. Painlev´e, C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 173, 677 (1921).
- A. Gullstrand, Arkiv. Mat. Astron. Fys. 16, 1 (1922).
- S. A. Hayward, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 031103 (2006).