Published December 13, 2025
| Version V1
Journal article
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Umbilical Anomalies and Exomphalos: A Review of Current Practice
Authors/Creators
- 1. Consultant Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emergency's Children's Surgical Hospital, Entebbe, Uganda and Evelina Children's Hospital, London
- 2. Department of Pediatric Surgery, PGICHR and KTCGUH, Rajkot 360001, Gujarat, India
- 3. Care Gastroenterology Medical Group, California, USA
- 4. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- 5. J. Watumull Global Hospital & Research Centre, Delwara Road, Mount Abu, Rajasthan 307501, India Affiliated to Medical Faculty of God Fatherly Spiritual University, Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India
Description
Abstract
Objective: To review current practice in the diagnosis and management of umbilical anomalies, with emphasis on exomphalos.
Design: Narrative review of published literature and clinical guidelines.
Results: Umbilical anomalies range from minor hernia of the cord to giant exomphalos. Antenatal diagnosis is feasible with ultrasound and MRI. Management strategies vary from primary closure to staged silo reduction and conservative epithelisation. Prognosis depends on defect size, liver involvement, and associated anomalies.
Conclusions: Exomphalos remains a major neonatal surgical challenge. Current practice balances surgical innovation with conservative approaches, but consensus guidelines are lacking.
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Additional details
Identifiers
Dates
- Submitted
-
2025-12-05
- Accepted
-
2025-12-12
- Available
-
2025-12-13