Published August 12, 2025 | Version v1
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Evaluation of essential Oils extracted from Ocimum gratissimum L. (scent leaf) as organic preservative in comparison with synthetic preservative (dichlorvos) in grains storage

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • 2. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
  • 3. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

Description

The use of synthetic preservatives in grain storage has raised concerns about environmental pollution, toxicity to humans and animals, and development of pesticide-resistant pests. This study evaluated the efficacy of essential oils extracted from Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) as organic preservatives for grain storage, comparing their effectiveness to the synthetic preservative dichlorvos. The essential oils were extracted using a suitable method and analyzed for their chemical composition. The major constituents of the essential oils were identified as eugenol, linalool, etc. The oils were then tested for their insecticidal properties against common grain pest (Callosobruchus maculatus). Grains were treated with different concentrations of essential oils (of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ml) and dichlorvos (concentration of 0.5, 1.0 mL), and stored for a specified period of one month and data was collected within 4 days of application of treatments. The results showed that the essential oils exhibited significant insecticidal properties, reducing pest growth in grains. The efficacy of the essential oils was comparable to dichlorvos, with 85.0 percent mortality of pests.  The study suggests that Ocimum gratissimum essential oils could be a viable alternative to synthetic preservatives like dichlorvos for grain storage, offering a safer and more environmentally friendly option for farmers and consumers. The use of these oils could also contribute to sustainable agriculture and food security. Further research is needed to explore the commercial applications of these essential oils and to optimize their use in grain storage.

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