Decoding Occlusal Facets: Selecting the Most Suitable Restorative Material for Every Patient

Abstract

Tooth wear refers to irreversible loss of tooth structure due to mechanical or chemical wear that do not involve bacterial activity. Occlusal facets are hallmark features of attritional tooth wear. The choice of restorative materials plays a vital role in preserving both function and aesthetics, especially in posterior teeth where occlusal stress is significant. The aim of the study is to discuss commonly used materials such as glass ionomer cements, composites, and bonded amalgams for the early restoration of occlusal facets and prevention of further structural compromise.

Early detection of occlusal wear is essential, as it enables conservative intervention and improved long-term prognosis. The selection of restorative material should be based on several factor, including the patient’s age, esthetic expectations, presence of parafunctional habits, medical history, adhesive strategy and operator skill level. Composite resin is one of the most widely used and accepted restorative materials in modern dentistry, appreciated for its esthetics, cost-effectiveness, physical properties, and versatility. Glass ionomer cement is widely used in both adult and paediatric dentistry and has versatile applications in both restorative and preventive dentistry. For generations, dental amalgam has been a reliable restorative material. It offers several advantages, including low cost, excellent wear resistance, minimal sensitivity to moisture, high tolerance to masticatory forces, and strong compressive strength. The use of bonding agents improves retention and reduces microleakage, especially in large cavity preparations. Given the increasing prevalence and multifactorial aetiology of tooth wear, it is important to understand not only the underlying cause but also the most effective approaches for managing and restoring the worn dentition.