Published December 19, 2025 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Turbulence Dataset

Authors/Creators

Description

This record provides the datasets used in the study
**“Proposal of a Laplace Turbulence Index Based on the Non-Gaussianity of Temporal Wind Velocity Increments.”**

The archive contains synchronized wind measurements from:
- **Drone-mounted ultrasonic anemometer (TriSonica)**: short segments used for the temporal increment analysis.
- **Pole-mounted ultrasonic anemometer (ULSA PRO, 10 Hz)**: fixed reference measurements and selected segments corresponding to drone operations.

Folder overview
- `raw/drone_Trisonica/`  
  Drone wind data (CSV). Main analysis segments correspond to hovering/near-collocated measurements.
- `raw/pole_ULSA_PRO/ULSA_PRO_10hz_20251207_20251218/`  
  Continuous pole wind time series at 10 Hz (daily CSV files).
- `raw/pole_ULSA_PRO/ULSA_PRO_10hz_select/`  
  Pole wind segments (CSV) extracted to match the drone operation periods used in the paper.
- `raw/drone_flight/`  
  DJI flight logs exported from Airdata (CSV) for flight context (time, altitude, etc.).
- `raw/drone_kml/`  
  KML flight tracks exported from Airdata (for visualization).

Reference-only data (not used in the paper)
The following folders are provided for transparency and future work; they are **not** analyzed nor reported in the associated manuscript:
- `raw/drone_Trisonica/climb_high/`
- `raw/drone_Trisonica/land_besideULSAPRO/`
- `raw/drone_flight/`
- `raw/drone_kml/`

Sensors and sampling
### Drone wind (TriSonica)
- Format: CSV, 10 Hz (typical)
- Key fields: wind speed/direction and 3D wind components (U,V,W), plus temperature, humidity, pressure and attitude/heading fields.

### Pole wind (ULSA PRO)
- Format: CSV, 10 Hz (daily files + selected segments)
- Key fields: wind direction, wind speed magnitude, headwind component, sonic/virtual temperature, validity flag.

### Flight context (Airdata)
- Format: CSV (~5 Hz typical)
- Includes GPS position, altitude/height fields, battery and RC inputs, and attitude/heading.
 
## Time fields
Different files use different time conventions:

- **TriSonica** (`raw/drone_Trisonica/*.csv`)
  - `timestamp` is a string like `YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.sss`
  - Time zone is not explicitly encoded; in this campaign the file naming follows local time (JST).

- **ULSA PRO 10 Hz** (`wind_YYYY-MM-DD.csv`, `pole_*.csv`)
  - `ts` is `YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.sss`
  - Time zone is not explicitly encoded; file naming follows local time (JST).

- **ULSA PRO 1 Hz long-term file**
  - `_time` is ISO 8601 with trailing `Z` (UTC), e.g. `2025-01-13T00:51:02Z`.

- **Airdata**
  - `datetime(utc)` is UTC.
  - `time(millisecond)` is elapsed time from the start of the log.

For synchronization across sources, using `datetime(utc)` (Airdata) and converting other sources to UTC is recommended.


Variables
A machine-readable dictionary is provided in:
- `data_dictionary.csv`

It lists each column, unit, and a short description for:
- TriSonica wind files
- ULSA PRO wind files (10 Hz and 1 Hz)
- Airdata flight logs


Notes / known quirks
- The ULSA PRO 1 Hz file may contain duplicate timestamps (e.g., two rows with the same `_time`). Users may wish to de-duplicate by keeping the first occurrence.
- Airdata exports may include leading spaces in some column names (e.g., ` xSpeed(mph)`). Consider cleaning column names (e.g., `rename_with(trimws)` or `janitor::clean_names()`).
- `winddir` in ULSA PRO is defined relative to the sensor nose/heading (0° = wind coming from the sensor nose). Converting to a meteorological direction requires the installation azimuth (offset).

Citation and license
Please cite this Zenodo record (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17988010) and the associated paper.
License: **[CC-BY 4.0]**
Contact: **[Koji Ito /J. F. Oberlin University / ito_k1@obirin.ac.jp]**



Files

data_dictionary.csv

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Additional details

Software

Repository URL
https://github.com/e-i314/turbulence_R_code
Programming language
R
Development Status
Active