Development of Virtual Laboratories to Improve Science Literacy and Learning Motivation Among Phase F Students

Students have difficulty understanding biology material, especially material on the reproductive system. This is due to the complex nature of the material, uninnovative learning media, inadequate practical facilities, and conventional learning models. This results in low science literacy and motivation to learn among students. This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective virtual laboratory medium on reproductive system material to improve science literacy and learning motivation among phase F students. This study uses a 4D development model consisting of four stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The subjects in this study consisted of 37 students for the small-scale trial and 62 students for the large-scale trial. Data collection instruments were tested for validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The results of the study show that (1) a score of 100 (highly valid) was obtained in the validity test by media experts, and 96.18 (highly valid) in the validity test by subject matter experts. (2) In the practicality test, which included a teacher response test, a score of 97.2 (very practical) was obtained, and in the student response test, a score of 97.065 (very practical) was obtained. (3) In the science literacy effectiveness test, an N-gain score of 0.710 (quite effective) was obtained, and in the learning motivation test, an N-gain score of 0.636 (quite effective) was obtained.