Quantum Computing in 2035

This paper provides a comprehensive, evidence-based projection of quantum computing capabilities by 2035, with particular focus on qubit counts, error correction advances, and commercial viability. Through analysis of industry roadmaps, recent technological breakthroughs, and expert predictions, we project that quantum computers in 2035 will feature: 

• Physical Qubits: 100,000 to 1,000,000+ physical qubits in leading systems 

• Logical Qubits: 1,000 to 10,000 error-corrected logical qubits 

• Error Rates: Logical error rates below 10⁻⁹ per operation 

• Commercial Status: Multiple platforms achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing with real-world applications 

• Market Size: $28-72 billion quantum computing market (McKinsey estimate) 

This analysis examines current technological trajectories, the critical December 2024 Google Willow breakthrough, scaling challenges, and the convergence of multiple quantum computing platforms toward practical utility.