Published December 15, 2025 | Version v1
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTIN EXTRACTED FROM ORANGE PEEL AND REINFORCED IN PLA COMPOSITES

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ABSTRACT: This study explores the development of polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with varying percentages of pectin extracted from orange peel. The aim is to create sustainable alternatives to polyethylene (PE) for various applications, considering mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability. Pectin was extracted using citric acid, and PLA-pectin composites were prepared with pectin content ranging from 0% to 3%. Mechanical testing, hardness evaluation, thermal conductivity measurements, and water contact angle assessments were conducted according to ASTM standards. The results indicated that incorporating pectin enhances tensile strength (ranging from 3.86 N/mm² to 4.95 N/mm²) and elongation at break (9.99% to 19.15%) while improving hydrophilicity. These properties suggest that PLA-pectin composites can effectively replace PE in rigid and flexible packaging, single-use items, and agricultural applications. The study concludes that PLA-pectin composites represent a promising solution for addressing environmental concerns related to plastic waste, aligning with sustainable development goals. Future research should focus on optimizing formulation and expanding the range of biopolymers used in composite development.

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