Media Framing and Regional Politicization of Social Movements in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis of Northern and Southern Newspapers' Coverage of the #EndSARS and #BadGovernance Protests

This study examines the influence of ethno-regional factors on Nigerian newspaper reportage of social movements, focusing on the #EndSARS and #EndBadGovernance protests. Using the framing theory as a theoretical lens, the study analyzed frames such as motivational, diagnostic, prognostic, ethno-regional identity, legitimacy, violence, and political bias frames across northern and southern newspapers. Findings reveal significant regional biases: northern newspapers (Daily Trust and Leadership) emphasized violence and ethno-regional identity frames during the #EndSARS protest, indicating skepticism toward the movement, whereas southern newspapers (The Punch and Tribune) foregrounded legitimacy and motivational frames that aligned with the movement’s objectives. In the #EndBadGovernance protest, northern outlets adopted responsibility and regional frames, whereas southern newspapers applied a wider range of frames but with less overall coverage. The study concludes that regional bias distinctly influenced newspaper coverage of both protests, with northern outlets tending to defend northern leadership during #EndSARS, while southern newspapers subtly shielded southern leadership during #EndBadGovernance. The findings underscore the influence of ethno-regional and political affiliations on media framing, confirming previous findings on the politicisation of social movements in Nigeria. The study recommends adherence to ethical framing practices, inter- regional media collaboration, and strengthened regulatory oversight to foster balanced reporting and enhance national cohesion.