Published December 14, 2025
| Version v1
Journal article
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CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
- 1. First-year resident in the specialty of Cardiovascular Surgery Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)
- 2. First-year resident in Endocrinology at North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Description
Cardiovascular surgery, as a specialized field of medicine, encompasses a wide range of interventions aimed at correcting structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and major vessels, based on an evolving understanding of pathophysiology, biomechanics, and regenerative biology. The article reviews historical milestones, contemporary minimally invasive and percutaneous approaches, integration of artificial intelligence and gene therapy, as well as future prospects, including bioengineered solutions. Challenges such as learning curves and healthcare disparities are discussed, with an emphasis on the transition to curative interventions.
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References
- 1. Shaping the Future of Cardiac Surgery: The Rise of Minimal-Access ... – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12564745/ (Oct 10, 2025)