Seed Priming: Concepts, Mechanisms, and Agricultural Applications

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that partially hydrates seeds to initiate early
metabolic processes of germination without allowing radicle emergence. This controlled
hydration followed by re-drying enhances seed performance by improving germination rate,
uniformity, seedling vigour, and stress tolerance. Over the past few decades, seed priming has
emerged as a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique widely adopted
in both conventional and stress-prone agricultural systems. This article discusses the concept
of seed priming, its major types, underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms, and
its significance in improving crop establishment and productivity.