Activated Charcoal: An Adsorbent with A Difference for Waste Water Purification – An Overview

Abstract

Activated charcoal, an unnoticed porous material but unique and powerful, has been in use for centuries in addressing the menace of wastewater, characterized by odour and colour. This paper gives an overview of its potential (activated carbon/charcoal) as an adsorbent with a difference. Its preparation and properties were also highlighted in this overview. The unique pore size/ surface area per gram (500 - 1,500 m²/g) and the catenation properties of activated carbon contributed effectively to its adsorption process for efficient removal or uptake of a broad spectrum of toxic materials from gas and liquid phases than any other material available for physical adsorption.  Practical applications in its absorption capacities to textile dye-liquor (water) purification, oil spillage and medicine for the removal of contaminants or toxins in waste water and patient as gastrointestinal decontaminant were discussed. and the potential to utilize its adsorption capacities in environmental remediation of sewage water recommended. Adsorption with activated charcoal, irrespective of the sources coal or agro-wastes (agricultural waste) is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation, and efficiency in providing a greener environment.

Keywords: Activated charcoal, carbon, waste, wastewater, adsorption, absorption