Data for: Resonance of Resilience: Spectral Evidence of Cross-Scale Coupling in Vegetation Response to Climate Extremes

The ecological response to combined hot–dry extremes often show non-linearities that deviate from the magnitude of atmospheric forcing. Although the severity of drought and loss in carbon uptake tend to increase with extraordinarily high temperature, South Chinese monsoon forests displayed an anomaly that gross primary production collapsed during extreme heatwave (2003), but kept stable under meteorologically even more severe (2013). Here we reconcile this discrepancy with a physics-based spectral decomposition which reveals an emergent, intrinsic 38.5-day spectral gap which separates fast physiological responses and slow ecological memory. We demonstrate that resistance is governed by Ecological Amplitude Modulation (EAM) rather than fixed resource thresholds. The 2003 crash was a resonance catastrophe caused by the phase-locking of high-energy ecological memory with high-frequency weather shocks. Distilling the 2013 resilience, it was of course born from spectral diffusion: a large degree-of-freedom high-entropy regime that diffusively spreads out stress over various time scales. These results establish a biophysical mechanism for structural overshoot and suggest that the stability of ecosystems depends on preserving spectral topology, thereby questioning existing formulations of drought legacies in Earth system models.