Myrmotherula longipennis Pelzeln, 1869, sensu stricto

Northern Long-winged Antwren

Includes study populations designated longipennis- E and longipennis- W in the analysis.

Diagnosis. Myrmotherula longipennis (sensu stricto) is distinguished from M. garbei and M. paraensis by vocalizations and female plumage. Notes in Songs of M. longipennis differ structurally from those of M. garbei and M. paraensis (Fig. 2). Notes in M. longipennis Songs decline in frequency, whereas those of M. garbei and M. paraensis rise in frequency, and notes in Series Calls of M. longipennis differ structurally from those of M. garbei and M. paraensis (Fig. 3). In addition, the pace of M. longipennis Songs is significantly slower than the pace of Songs of M. paraensis. Plumage differences are limited to females. M. longipennis females are diagnosable primarily by having extensively white posterior underparts which in M. garbei and M. paraensis are either a color similar to the breast, or whitish tinged with brownish- or olive yellow (in some subspecies of M. paraensis). Furthermore, M. longipennis differs from M. garbei in having upperparts brown rather than gray and from M. paraensis in having wings and tail brown rather than grayish brown or reddish brown.

Description of female plumage. Females have upperparts olive-brown to yellowish-brown (2.5Y4/3–10Y4/4); wings and tail dark brown (10YR3/3–4/4); wing edgings contrasting light reddish yellow-brown (7.5R6/6); throat and breast pale yellowish buff (2.5Y8/4–7/4); posterior underparts white; and flanks olive-gray (2.5Y5/1–5/2).

Distribution. North of the Rio Amazonas (Solimões), Brazil, and the Rio Napo, Peru and Ecuador; south of the region immediately south of the Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, and the north bank of the Rio Guaviare, Colombia, extending south of the headwaters of the Rio Guaviare along the base of the Andes.

Remarks. Compared to M. garbei and M. paraensis, males tend to have a more restricted throat patch, darker underparts, and fewer white-tipped feathers on the sides of the head. No diagnostic differences were found between subpopulations designated longipennis- E and longipennis- W. The companion molecular-based phylogeny found sequence divergence of 5.9% between M. longipennis (sensu stricto) and both M. garbei and M. paraensis.

Myrmotherula longipennis (sensu stricto) (94 recordings).

BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Serra do Navio 1; AMAZONAS: Lago Amanã 1; Rio Cauaburi 5; P. N. do Jaú 4; Manacapuru 4; 60–90 km N Manaus 13; Presidente Figueiredo 4; São Gabriel da Cachoeira 7; across river from São Gabriel da Cachoeira 5; 40 km N São Gabriel da Cachoeira 1; São Gabriel da Cachoeira-Cucui road km 137–140 1; Salto do Hua 1♀, 2♂; San Carlos de Río Negro 1♂; Serra Imeri 1♀, 5♂; Tauá 3♀, 1♂; Tonantins 2♀, 3♂. COLOMBIA: P. N. N. Chiribiquete 4; Mitú 1. FRENCH GUIANA: Bagne des Anamites 1: Kourou 1; Saül 1. GUYANA: Baramita 1; Iwokrama Forest Reserve 5; Kaieteur Fall 3; Kurupukari 1; Waruma River 15 km S Kako River 5. SURINAME: Brownsberg Nature Reserve 8; Paloemeu 1; Suriname, location unknown 2; Voltzberg 2. VENEZUELA: Caura Forest Reserve 6; Campamento Rio Grande 2: La Escalera 5.

Myrmotherula longipennis (sensu stricto).

BRAZIL: AMAPÁ: Porto Platon 2♀, 4♂; Serra do Navio 1♀, 1♂; AMAZONAS: Rio Cauaburi, at mouth 2♀, 3♂; Manacapuru 4♀, 4♂; Salto do Hua 1♀, 2♂; San Carlos de Río Negro 1♂; Serra Imeri 1♀, 5♂; Tauá 3♀, 1♂; Tonantins 2♀, 3♂. COLOMBIA: Morelia 1♀, 3♂; San Antonio 2♂; San Felipe, Rio Negro opposite San Carlos 1♂. ECUADOR: 14 km N Tigre Playa 2♀, 1♂. GUYANA: Acarai Mountains 1♂; Baramita 1♂; Roraima 1♀; Waruma River 15 km S Kako River 1♂. PERU: Quebrada Orán 1♂. VENEZUELA: Caura Forest Reserve 1♂; Cerro de La Neblina 1♀; La Unión 1♀; Prisión 1♂; Río Nichare 1♀; Suapure 2♀; upper Río Yatúa 1♀, 1♂.