Study the Effect of Benzene on Human Body Fat in Basrah, Iraq

Background: Benzene is a frequent industrial and environmental pollutant that can induce hematologic and metabolic problems. Aim of study: Determine the impact of benzene exposure on body fat and hematological parameters among petrol station worker in Basrah, Iraq. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 25 exposed petrol station workers and 25 non-exposed controls. Blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile and hematological parameters using standard biochemical and hematology analyzers. Statistical significance was determined at (p≤0.05). Results: Compared with controls, exposed workers showed significantly lower total cholesterol (153.2 vs. 171.6 mg/dL, p=0.03) and HDL (35.8 vs. 47.9 mg/dL, p=0.02), while LDL (108.3 vs. 96.4 mg/dL, p=0.04) and triglycerides (134.7 vs. 97.5 mg/dL, p=0.01) were higher. Workers also had slightly higher RBC, hemoglobin, and WBC counts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Benzene exposure at work was related with adverse lipid changes and modest hematological abnormalities in petrol station workers. To reduce health hazards, it is suggested use personal protective equipment, increase workplace ventilation, and conduct regular health monitoring.