The Psychological and Behavioral Impact of Corporal Punishment on Secondary School Students: A Case Study from Eket Local Government Area

Abstract

This study examines the psychological and behavioural impact of corporal punishment on secondary school students in Eket Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Despite the growing evidence of its negative effects, corporal punishment remains widely used in many schools as a disciplinary tool. The research employed a descriptive survey design, utilising structured questionnaires to gather data from 15 teachers and counsellors in both public and private schools. Public schools still frequently use corporal punishment to enforce discipline, according to the findings. However, its effectiveness in promoting long-term positive behavioural changes is limited. Students subjected to corporal punishment reported feelings of fear, anxiety, and low self-esteem, which can lead to aggression, avoidance, and even school dropout. In contrast, private schools, which applied corporal punishment less frequently, favoured alternative methods such as positive reinforcement and counselling, leading to more sustainable behavioural changes. The study concludes that corporal punishment is an ineffective disciplinary measure that harms students' psychological well-being and academic success. The study recommends the adoption of non-violent disciplinary strategies that focus on positive reinforcement and student-centred approaches to behaviour modification.