The coronary artery ectasia and ABO blood groups distribution

Introduction: Pure coronary artery ectasia (CAE) was defi ned as segmental or diffuse coronary artery dilatation ≥ 1.5-fold the adjacent normal segment in the absence of ≥ 50% stenosis in any epicardial vessel. Previous studies on the relationship between ABO blood groups and ischemic heart disease have reported inconsistent fi ndings. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of blood groups in patients with pure CAE. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 250 patients diagnosed with pure CAE based on angiography fi ndings between 2015 and 2022 at two teaching hospitals. Data on age, gender, ABO blood group, Rh factor, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte and neutrophil percentages, and number of involved coronary vessels were collected. A control group was selected from patients undergoing coronary angiography in 2019-2020 without CAE and matched with the CAE group. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test, T-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of patients was 56.2 ± 12.5 years; 160 (64%) were male and 90 (36%) were female. Rh positivity was observed in 222 (88.8%) patients, while 28 (11.2%) were Rh-negative. Blood group distribution among CAE patients was: O, 41.6%; B, 30.4%; A, 21.6%; and AB, 6.4%. Compared with the control group, a signifi cantly higher frequency of blood group O was observed among CAE patients (P < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, and number of involved vessels, blood group O remained independently associated with CAE (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.12–2.82, P = 0.015). Conclusion: Blood group O was signifi cantly more frequent among CAE patients compared with controls, even after adjusting for confounders.