Published December 3, 2025 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Dismegistus madagascariensis sp. nov., the first representative of the family Parastrachiidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) in Madagascar

  • 1. National Museum of the Czech Republic, Praha, Czech Republic
  • 2. University of Opole, Oleska, Poland

Description

The species Dismegistus madagascariensis sp. nov. is described from Andohahela National Park, southeastern Madagascar. It represents the first record of the genus Dismegistus Amyot & Serville, 1843, and the family Parastrachiidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomomorpha, Pentatomoidea) from the island. The new species is compared with the six previously described congeners, and a checklist with their distributions is provided.

Files

DEZ_article_161108.pdf

Files (4.0 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:c9e2d8022118dbbc27e71e952ff4f907
4.0 MB Preview Download

System files (207.0 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:816cd84e65f197cc996e78a86e3df23b
207.0 kB Download

Linked records

Additional details

References

  • Amyot CJB, Serville JGA (1843) Histoire naturelle des insectes Hemipteres. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret ed., Paris, 1 xxvi+ 675 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8471
  • Anonymus (2025) Andohahela National Park. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andohahela_National_Park [accessed 2 January 2025]
  • Bergroth E (1923) On the systematic position of the genera Dismegistus Am. S. and Parastrachia Dist. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 63: 70–72.
  • Brailovsky H (2007) A new genus and two new species of Dasynini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) from Madagascar. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 109: 847–855.
  • Brailovsky H (2011) Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Coreidae. Faune de Madagascar. Vol. 94. IRD Éditions, Éditions Quae and Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Paris et Marseille, 275 pp.
  • Cachan P (1952) Les Pentatomidae de Madagascar (Hemipteres Heteropteres). Mémoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Série E, Entomologie 1: 231–462.
  • Chen Z, Cai W-Z (2025) The second Malagasy species of Anacanthiocnemis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) with an updated key to the species of the genus. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 65(1): 21–30. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2025.003
  • Chen Z, Li H, Cai W-Z (2022) A new species of the genus Monicacoris Putshkov (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from Madagascar. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 58(2): 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2022.2054468 [Nouvelle Serie]
  • Cook JL (2025) Paraplea Esaki and China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pleidae) of Madagascar, a new species and redescription of Paraplea hovana (Kirkaldy, 1899). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 126(4) [2024]: 441–453. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.126.4.441
  • Courteaux R (1922) Hémiptères Hétéroptères. In: Voyage de M. le Baron Maurice de Rothschild en Éthiopie et en Afrique Orientale Anglaise (1904–1905). Résultats scientifiques. Animaux Articulés. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris, 263–293.
  • Dallas WS (1851) List of the specimens of hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1–368. [pls. 1–11]
  • de Carlini A (1895) VII. Rincoti. In: Esplorazione del Giuba e dei suoi affluenti compiuta dal Cap. V. Bottego durante gli anni 1892–93 sotto gli auspicii della Società Geografica Italiana. - Risultati zoologici. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2 15: 105–125.
  • de Wit MJ (2003) Madagascar: Heads it's a continent, tails it's an island. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 31(1): 213–248. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.31.100901.141337
  • DeGeer C (1778) Mémoires pour servir a l'histoire des insectes. Tome septieme. Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm, 950 pp. [+ pls 1–49]
  • Distant WL (1892) A naturalist in the Transvaal. R. H. Porter, London, xvi + 277 pp. [+ pls I–V] https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2478
  • Distant WL (1898) Rhynchota from the Transvaal, Mashonaland, and British Nyasaland. Annals & Magazine of Natural History Series 7 2(10): 294–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939808678047
  • Distant WL (1900) Undescribed genera and species belonging to the Rhynchotal family Pentatomidæ. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1: 163–174. [+ pl. 2] https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb00998.x
  • Dolling WR (1981) A rationalized classification of the Burrower Bugs (Cydnidae). Systematic Entomology 6(1): 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1981.tb00016.x
  • Ganzhorn J, Lowry P II, Schatz G, Sommer S (2008) The Biodiversity of Madagascar: One of the world's hottest hotspots on its way out. Oryx 35(4): 346–348. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00201.x
  • Gao C-Q, Rédei D, Shi X-Q, Cai B, Liang K, Gao Sh, Bu W-J (2017) A comparative study of the abdominal trichobothria of Trichophora, with emphasis on Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). European Journal of Entomology 114: 587–602. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2017.072
  • Germar EF (1838) Hemiptera Heteroptera promontorii Bonæ Spei, nundum descripta, quæ collegit C. F. Drège. Silbermann's Revue Entomologique 5 [1837]: 121–192.
  • Gierlasiński G, Magnien Ph, Kepel A, Wiśniewski K, Lange A (2024) Kojderus maximus, a new genus and species of Tessaratomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), the first Natalicolinae from Madagascar. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64(2): 327–335. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2024.023
  • Gmelin JF (1790) Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae. Tom I. Pars IV. Beer, Lipsiae, 1517–2224.
  • Göllner-Scheiding U (2012) Heteroptera aus der Republik Kongo, gesammelt von Dr. G. Hertzel in den Jahren 1977 und 1978. Edessana 2: 95–107.
  • Grazia J, Schuh RT, Wheeler WC (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics 24(6): 932–976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x
  • Guilbert E (2020) New species of Tingidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) from Madagascar. Zootaxa 4759(3): 391–404. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.3.5
  • Hahn CW (1834) Die Wanzenartigen Insekten, getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 2. C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 101–120.
  • Heiss E, Eckelt A (2024) Microcalisius madagascariensis gen.n. et sp.n., the first record of Calisiinae (Heteroptera: Aradidae) from Madagascar. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen 76: 1–6.
  • Herrich-Schäffer GAW (1851) Die Wanzenartigen Insekten. Vol. 9. Lotzbeck, Nürnburg, 257–348.
  • Hesse AJ (1925) 1. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa. IV. A list of the Heteropterous and Hemipterous Hemiptera of South-West Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 23: 1–190. [8 pls]
  • Jeannel R (1913) I. Pentatomidae. Pp. 1–114 + pls. i–iv. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale, 1911–1912. Résultats scientifiques. Insectes Hémipteres. A. Schulz, Paris, 333 pp. [+ 12 pls]
  • Jimenez BO, Monatno R, Rothman RS, Williams RC, Wright PC (2023) The biodiversity of an old-growth forest amidst a scorched landscape in Madagascar. Conservation Science and Practice 5(9, e12993): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12993
  • Kim J-G, Roca-Cusachs M, Lim J-G, Jung S-H (2020) Malagasycoelum dracula gen. and sp. nov., a new genus and a new species of the subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Madagascar. Zootaxa 4808(1): 165–170. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4808.1.10
  • Kment P, Kocorek A (2014) Afromenotes hirsuta, a new genus and species of Eumenotini from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54(1): 109–131.
  • Kment P, Rédei D (2018) A revision of the types of Heteroptera species described by Géza Horváth based on specimens from collections of Ladislav Duda and Emil Holub. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58(1): 275–295. https://doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0025
  • Kment P, Vilímová J (2010) Thoracic scent efferent system of the Tessaratomidae sensu lato (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea) with implication to the phylogeny of the family. Zootaxa 2363(1): 1–59. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2363.1.1
  • Kment P, Hemala V, Baňař P (2016) Rhyparoclava pyrrhocoroides, a new genus and species of autapomorphic Rhyparochromidae with clavate antennae from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56(2): 517–545.
  • Kment P, Jacobs DH, Carapezza A, Deckert J, Rider DA, Kóbor P (2024) Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group. Zootaxa 5541(2): 144–162. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5541.2.2
  • Kóbor P (2023) Big-eyed bugs of the Malagasy Region (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Geocoridae). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69(3): 247–264. https://doi.org/10.17109/AZH.69.3.247.2023
  • Kondorosy E, Zámbó A, Kovács S, Baňař P (2020) Scobinigaster, a new genus of Lethaeini from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60(1): 343–352. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2020.020
  • Leston D (1952) Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera). – VI. Some insects in the Hope Department, Oxford. Annals & Magazine of Natural History Series 12 5(58): 893–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935208654367
  • Leston D (1956) The Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera). XXII. On Dismegistus Amyot & Serville (Cydnidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, A 31: 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1956.tb00214.x
  • Lethierry L (1881) Spedizione Italiana nell'Africa Equatoriale. Resultati zoologici. Emitteri. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 16: 277–298.
  • Lethierry L (1883) Spedizione Italiana nell'Africa Equatoriale. Resultati zoologici. Emitteri. Parte Seconda. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 18: 741–756.
  • Linnaeus C (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae, 823 + I pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
  • Lis JA (2010a) Coxal combs in the Cydnidae sensu lato and three other related "cydnoid" families – Parastrachiidae, Thaumastellidae, Thyreocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): functional, taxonomic, and phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa 2476(1): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2476.1.6
  • Lis JA (2010b) Pretarsal structures in the family Parastrachiidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Zootaxa 2693(1): 60–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2693.1.5
  • Lis JA (2025) Classification of the burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae): A never-ending story? Insects 16(874): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16090874
  • Lis JA, Domagała PJ (2024) First reports of parental care in species of the genus Dismegistus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae). European Journal of Entomology 121: 396–399. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2024.043
  • Lis JA, Heyna J (2001) The metathoracic wing stridulitrum of the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Polish Journal of Entomology 70(4): 221–243.
  • Lis JA, Hohol-Kilinkiewicz A (2002a) Abdominal trichobothrial pattern and its taxonomic and phylogenetic significance in Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). III. Sehirinae. Annales Zoologici (Warszawa) 52: 359–362.
  • Lis JA, Hohol-Kilinkiewicz A (2002b) Adult dorso-abdominal scent glands in the burrower bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae). Polish Journal of Entomology 71(4): 359–395.
  • Lis JA, Schaefer CW (2005) Tibial combs in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and their functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic significance. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 43(4): 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00328.x
  • Lis JA, Lis P, Ziaja DJ, Kocorek A (2012) Systematic position of Dinidoridae within the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rDNA sequences. Zootaxa 3423(1): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3423.1.5
  • Lis JA, Ziaja DJ, Lis B, Gradowska P (2017) Non-monophyly of the "cydnoid" complex within Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) revealed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA sequences. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 75(3): 481–496. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.75.e31918
  • Lis JA, Domagała PJ, Lis B (2024) New molecular phylogenetic evidence confirms independent origin of coxal combs in the families of the 'cydnoid' complex (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea). Insects 15 (10) (792): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020939
  • López GEL, Schwertner CF (2023) Synopsis of the remarkable family Phloeidae (Hemiptera: Pentatomoidea): species identification, chromatic polymorphism and updated distribution. Journal of Natural History 57(45–48): 2083–2113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2284417
  • Lu Y, Ye F, Li J-L, Gao C-Q, Wang Y-H, Shi X-Q, Su Y-Q, Xue H-J, Bu W-J, Zheng L-Y, Xie Q (2025) Phylogenomics of the superfamily Lygaeoidea with proposals on taxonomic system (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 209(108356): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2025.108356
  • Luo J-Y, Wu Y-Z, Kment P, Salomão AT, Damken C, Wang Y-H, Xie Q (2025) Origin of the only myrmecomorphic stink bug, Pentamyrmex spinosus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in the radiation era of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 50(1): 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12664
  • Malipatil MB (2014) Meschiidae, a new family of Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from India and Australia, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa 3815(2): 233–248. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3815.2.4
  • Malipatil MB, Yeshwanth HM, Kondorosy E (2021) Taxonomic position of Heissothignus and review of the species of Meschia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Meschiidae). Zootaxa 5032(2): 283–289. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5032.2.9
  • Mancini C (1939) Hemiptera. In: Missione Biologica nel paese dei Borana. Raccolte zoologiche. Reale Accademia d'Italia, Roma. 195–224.
  • Mancini C (1954) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Emitteri dell'Eritrea. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste 19(3): 137–159.
  • Mancini C (1956) Emitteri dell'Abissinia raccolti dal M.se Saverio Patrizi e da altri. Nota I. Fragmenta Entomologica 2(8): 65–96.
  • Masłowski A, Baňař P, Carapezza A, Chérot F, Jindra Z, Taszakowski A, Wolski A (2023) Notes on plant bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae) from Madagascar with a description of new species of the cylapine tribe Fulviini and checklist of Madagascan mirids. Zootaxa 5330(1): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5330.1.3
  • Matocq A (2021) Description de deux nouvelles especes de Collaria Provancher de Madagascar (Hemiptera, Miridae, Mirinae, Stenodemini). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 126(4): 429–436. https://doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2183
  • Montandon AL (1899) III. Hémiptères. In: Junod HA (ed.) : La faune entomologique du Delagoa. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 35: 216–220.
  • Nicholas V, Carapezza A, Rider DA, Kment P (2024) New records, diagnostics and preliminary checklist of the superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from the Comoro Islands. Zootaxa 5481(1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.1.1
  • O'Donnell JE, Schaefer CW (2011) Lilliputocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae: Lilliputocorini) now known from Madagascar. Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 11: 311–316.
  • Paulian R, Blanc Ch, Guillaumet J-L, Betsch J-M, Griveaud P, Peyrieras A (1973) Étude des écosystemès montagnards dans la région malgache. II. Les chaines Anosyennes. Géomorphologie, climatologie et groupements végétaux. (Campagne RCP 225, 1971–1972). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3e Série 118 (Écologie Générale Vol. 1): 1–40.
  • Pluot-Sigwalt D, Lis JA (2008) Morphology of the spermatheca in the Cydnidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): bearing of its diversity on classification and phylogeny. European Journal of Entomology 105(2): 279–312. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2008.038
  • Ralimanana H, Perrigo AL, Smith RJ, Borrell JS, Faurby S, Rajaonah MT, Randriamboavonjy T, Vorontsova MS, Cooke RSC, Phelps LN, Sayol F, Andela N, Andermann T, Andriamanohera AM, Andriambololonera S, Bachman SP, Bacon CD, Baker WJ, Belluardo F, Birkinshaw C, Cable S, Canales NA, Carrillo JD, Clegg R, Clubbe C, Crottini A, Damasco G, Dhanda S, Edler D, Farooq H, Ferreira P de L, Fisher BL, Forest F, Gardiner LM, Goodman SM, Grace OM, Guedes TB, Hackel J, Henniges MC, Hill R, Lehmann CER, Lowry PP, Marline L, Matos-Maraví P, Moat J, Neves B, Nogueira MGC, Onstein RE, Papadopulos AST, Perez-Escobar OA, Phillipson PB, Pironon S, Przelomska NAS, Rabarimanarivo M, Rabehevitra D, Raharimampionona J, Rajaonary F, Rajaovelona LR, Rakotoarinivo M, Rakotoarisoa AA, Rakotoarisoa SE, Rakotomalala HN, Rakotonasolo F, Ralaiveloarisoa BA, Ramirez-Herranz M, Randriamamonjy JEN, Randrianasolo V, Rasolohery A, Ratsifandrihamanana AN, Ravololomanana N, Razafiniary V, Razanajatovo H, Razanatsoa E (2022) Madagascar's extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities. Science 378: 6623. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf1466
  • Rédei D, Tsai J-F (2021) Zhengica cornuta gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pentatomidae from East Asia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 5071(2): 271–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5071.2.6
  • Rédei D, Tsai J-F (2022) A revision of Scutellera (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Zootaxa 5092(1): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.1.1
  • Reiche L, Fairmaire L (1849) Ordre des Hémiptères. In: Ferret A, Galinier (Ed.) Voyage en Abyssinie 1839–1845. Vol. 3. Paulin Libraire, Paris, 433–450 pp.
  • Rider DA, Schwertner CF, Vilímová J, Rédei D, Kment P, Thomas DB (2018) Higher systematics of Pentatomoidea. Pp. 25–201. In: McPherson JE (Ed.) Invasive stink bugs and related species (Pentatomoidea): Biology, higher systematics, semiochemistry, and management. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York, xix + 819 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315371221-2
  • Robertson IAD (2009) The Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Sub-Saharan Africa. A database. African Studies Centre, Leiden, Netherlands, 451 pp. https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/391284/Robertson_Pentatomoidea_Africa_2009.pdf
  • Roca-Cusachs M, Kment P (2022) Joppeicus paradoxus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Joppeicidae): a new alien species in the European Union? Zootaxa 5195(3): 256–266. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.3.4
  • Roca-Cusachs M, Schwertner CF, Kim J-G, Eger J, Grazia J, Jung S-H (2022) Opening Pandora's box: molecular phylogeny of the stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reveals great incongruences in the current classification. Systematic Entomology 47(1): 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12514
  • Roca-Cusachs M, Rider DA, Kment P, Jung S-H (2024) Revision of Vitruvius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with the description of a new species from Cambodia and Thailand. Zootaxa 5486(3): 419–434. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5486.3.5
  • Salini S, Kment P, Cassis G (2023) Rehabilitation of Mormoschema (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Generic status restituted and tribal placement revised. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63(2): 397–412. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2023.025
  • Salini S, Kment P, Lemaître VA, Webb MD, Roca-Cusachs M (2025) Revision of the Austro-Oriental shield-bug genus Axiagastus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with the description of five new species, and taxonomic notes on related genera. Zootaxa 5603(1): 1–82. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5603.1.1
  • Schaefer CW (1981) The sound-producing structures of some primitive Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 88: 230–235.
  • Schaefer CW, Dolling WR, Tachikawa S (1988) The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93(4): 283–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1988.tb01365.x
  • Schouteden H (1905) Expédition du Baron C. von Erlanger en Abyssinie et au pays des Somalis. Hémiptères-Hétéroptères. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 49: 11–16.
  • Schouteden H (1910) 12. Hemiptera. 6. Pentatomidae. Pp. 73–96. In: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den Umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjöstedt. herausgegeben mit Unterstützung von der Königl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band 2. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Stockholm, 844 pp. [+ 19 pls]
  • Schouteden H (1913) Cimicidæ et Coreidæ recueillis au Congo par le Dr. J. Bequaert. Revue Zoologique Africaine 2(2): 189–202.
  • Schouteden H (1957) Contributions à l'étude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). CXXVI. Heteroptera Plataspidae, Acanthosomidae [sic!], Pentatomidae et Coreidae. Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge. Sciences Zoologiques 58: 269–310.
  • Schuh RT, Slater JA (1995) True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 337 pp.
  • Schumacher F (1913) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Rhynchoten-Fauna Südafrikas, insbesondere von Deutsch-Südwestafrika, Klein-Namaland und dem Kalaharigebiet. In: Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika ausgeführt in den Jahren 1903–1905 mit Unterstützung der Kgl . Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von Dr. Leonhard Schultze Professor der Geographie an der Universität Kiel. Fünfter Band. Systematik und Tiergeographie. Zweite Lieferung. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 17: 49–88.
  • Signoret V (1880) Deux descriptions et des observations sur divers Hémiptères. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1880: 193–194.
  • Signoret V (1881) Révision du Groupe des Cydnides de la Famille des Pentatomides. Partie 1–4. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France Série 6 1: 25–52, 193–218, 319–332, 423–436.
  • Signoret V (1882) Révision du Groupe des Cydnides de la Famille des Pentatomides. Partie 5–8. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 6 2: 23–42, 145–168, 241–266, 465–484.
  • Signoret V (1883) Révision du Groupe des Cydnides de la Famille des Pentatomides. Partie 9–12. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 6 3: 33–60, 207–220, 357–374, 517–534.
  • Signoret V (1884) Révision du Groupe des Cydnides de la Famille des Pentatomides. 13e et derniére partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 6 4: 45–62. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13250
  • Sites R, Bergsten J (2022) The Naucoridae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) of Madagascar, with revisions of Temnocoris and Tsingala (Laccocorinae). PLoS ONE 17(9) (e0272965): 1–79.. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272965
  • Stål C (1865) Hemiptera Africana. Tomus I. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, [1864], 256 pp.
  • Stål C (1866) Hemiptera Africana. Tomus IV. Officina Norstedtiana, Holmiae, 181 pp.
  • Stål C (1876) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en förteckning öfver alla hittills kända Hemiptera, jemte systematiska meddelanden. 5. [Checklist of Hemiptera. Contribution to a list of all hitherto known Hemiptera, along with systematic notes. 5]. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 14(4): 1–162. [in Latin]
  • Sweet MH, Schaefer CW (2002) Parastrachiinae (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) raised to family level. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 95(4): 441–448. https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0441:PHCRTF]2.0.CO;2
  • Taszakowski A, Masłowski A, Wolski A, Gorczyca J (2022) Two new genera and species of the Fulviini (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae) from Madagascar, with a checklist of Madagascan cylapines. Zootaxa 5209(1): 93–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5209.1.5
  • Taszakowski A, Jindra Z, Wolski A (2025a) Gryllofulvius gibbosus Taszakowski gen. et sp. nov. – a remarkable, flightless and stridulating plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from Madagascar. European Journal of Taxonomy 976: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2025.976.2785
  • Taszakowski A, Kim J-G, Kaszyca-Taszakowska N, Gierlasiński G, Jung S-H (2025b) Taxonomic review of the genus Psallops Usinger, 1946 (Hemiptera: Miridae) from the Afrotropical Region, with descriptions of two new species and a discussion on the internal revision of Psallops. Zootaxa 5646(4): 545–561. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.4.4
  • Thunberg CP (1783) Dissertatio entomologica novas insectorum species, sistens, cujus partem secundam, cons. exper. facult. med. upsal., publice ventilandam exhibent. Johan. Edman, Upsaliae, 29–52. [pl. 2]
  • Tsai J-F, Rédei D, Yeh G-F, Yang M-M (2011) Jewel bugs of Taiwan (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 309 pp.
  • Villiers A (1952) La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt. Nimba. Fascicule 1. XIV. Hémiptères Hétéroptères terrestres. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 19: 289–309.
  • Walker F (1867a) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Scutata. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 1–240. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118688
  • Walker F (1867b) Catalogue of the specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Scutata. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 241–417. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.118688
  • Wallengren HDJ (1875) Insecta Transvaaliensia. – Bidrag till Transvaalska Republikens i Södra Afrika Insektfauna. [Insects of Transvaal. – Contribution to the insect fauna of the Transvaal Republic in South Africa]. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 32(1): 83–137. [in Swedish and Latin]
  • Westwood JO (1837) [Descriptions.] In: Hope FW: A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A. with short Latin diagnoses of the new species. Part 1. London, 46 pp. [Part 2, pp. 1–26 (1842) states that descriptions are by J. O. Westwood.]
  • Wu Y-Z, Yu Sh-Sh, Wang Y-H, Wu H-Y, Li X-R, Men X-Y, Zhang Y-W, Rédei D, Xie Q, Bu W-J (2016) The evolutionary position of Lestoniidae revealed by molecular autapomorphies in the secondary structure of rRNA besides phylogenetic reconstruction (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177(4): 750–763. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12385
  • Zámbó A, Baňař P, Kovács S, Kondorosy E (2022) Drymini of Madagascar, with description of a new genus and three new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 62(1): 211–223. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2022.016
  • Zettel H (2020) New water strider species of Eurymetra from Madagascar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60(1): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2020.002
  • Zettel H, Laciny A (2020) Rhagovelia species from Nosy Boraha east of Madagascar (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60(2): 419–425. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2020.26
  • Zhou Y-Y, Rédei D (2018) A new synonymy in East Asian Urostylididae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 4504(1): 145–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.10
  • Zhou Y-Y, Rédei D (2020) From lanceolate to plate-like: Gross morphology, terminology, and evolutionary trends of the trichophoran ovipositor. Arthropod Structure & Development 54(100914): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2020.100914
  • Zrzavý J (1990) Evolution in antennal sclerites in Heteroptera (Insecta). Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica 34: 189–227.